关口严密 进出顺畅

建立中国―东盟自由贸易区和“早期收获”计划开始实施后,广西与东盟国家进出口水果贸易大幅增加｡据统计,2004年我国从广西口岸出口的桔柑､苹果､葡萄等各种水果10026批次､26.83万吨､金额6872万美元,分别比2003年同期增长204.6%､55.9%和67.6%,进口越南的香蕉､西瓜､芒果､火龙果等水果10707批次､17.88万吨､金额2580万美元,批次比2003年同期增长136.4%,但重量､金额分别减少6.3%和35.3%｡广西口岸水果出口首次大于进口｡

过去,越南每年都有近20万吨水果通过边贸方式输入广西,销往全国,广西成为全国进口水果最大的集散地之一｡但这么大量的水果进口也带来了一系列的问题,由于越南等东南亚国家安全健康意识较薄弱,对水果的生产加工管理和病虫害防治不到位,水果病虫害严重､传带疫情复杂,保鲜加工常常使用过量或者禁用的保鲜剂,如2001～2003年,广西检验检疫局从进境的越南水果中检出桔小实蝇､芒果象等有害生物200批次,从进境鲜龙眼抽检中批批检出二氧化硫残留,其中近50%残留超标｡

面对进口水果疫情和有毒有害物质情况,广西检验检疫局加强对进出口水果疫情和有毒有害物质的检验检疫监管工作,确保进出口水果的质量和安全｡一是加强调查研究和监测工作,及早掌握进口水果传带疫情及有毒有害物质的可能性,提出加强进口水果检验检疫监管的意见和建议,总局及时设定了进口鲜龙眼等二氧化硫残留检测和处置方法,解决了过去因无统一的强制性限量要求而难以实施有关处理的问题;二是制定广西检验检疫系统加强进口水果检验检疫监管工作的意见,向分支机构发出加强进口水果检验检疫监管工作的紧急通知,及时部署和指导分支机构开展进口水果有毒有害物质和有害生物的检测和监控工作,并推广使用快速检测仪器,以实现进口的快速通关;三是制定相应的重大疫情应急处理预案,提高检出疫情及应急处理能力;四是加强和规范检疫初审工作,严格进口检疫和后续生产加工防疫要求,提高进口和生产加工单位防范疫情的意识和能力;五是统一进口水果检出疫情和有毒有害物质情况上报的内容､格式和时限要求,落实上报工作责任制,做到情况上报及时准确;六是组织开展进口水果检验检疫执法情况自查和检查,督促落实相关工作,提高依法施检的能力;七是及时与输出国有关部门会晤,要求采取措施控制问题水果输往我国｡一年来,广西检验检疫系统从进口水果中检出有害生物4种19次;检出二氧化硫等有毒有害物质残留1143批次､15260吨,其中30批次359吨含量超标,比2003年前大幅度下降,进口水果的疫情和有毒有害物质问题得到有效控制｡

此外,广西检验检疫局采取措施促使广西特色水果荔枝､龙眼等的出口,对拟出口水果生产基地实行考核备案制度,2004年对14家农产品生产基地进行了考核登记并进行产中预检,强化对生产加工过程的检验检疫监管,促使基地按进口国要求生产和加工,保证出口水果从生产源头即符合进口国的要求｡去年首次实现广西生产的荔枝､龙眼直接报检､自主检验检疫出口,使187吨荔枝和鲜龙眼顺利出口美国,结束了广西无荔枝､龙眼报检出口发达国家的历史,有效地为广西农产品开拓了国际市场｡

Since the establishment of China ASEAN Free Trade Area and Early Harvest Plan started being implemented, the imports and exports of fruits between Guangxi and ASEAN countries have increased remarkably. According to statistics, in 2004, the fruits exported from China via Guangxi ports, such as tangerines, apples and grapes amounted to 10,026 lots, 268,300 t and USD68.72 million, which increased by 204.6%, 55.9% and 67.6% respectively over the same period of 2003. Fruits imported from Vietnam, such as bananas, water melons, mangoes, green dragon fruits totaled 10,707 lots, 178,800 t and USD25.8 million, with the number of lots increasing by 136.4% over the same period of 2003, while the weight and amount decreasing by 6.3% and 35.3% respectively. The fruit exports at Guangxi ports exceeded the imports for the first time.

In the past, there were nearly 200,000 t fruits exported from Vietnam to Guangxi annually via border trade, and they would be then distributed throughout China. This has made Guangxi one of the largest national distribution centers of fruits. However, such a large import has brought upon a series of problem. As the Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam had a rather weak safety and health awareness, and failed to conduct sufficient management over fruit production and processing and sufficient control over plant deceases and insect pests, it has resulted in serious fruit deceases and insect pests, complex transfer of epidemics, and overdosed or prohibited preservatives being used for preservation and processing. For example, from 2001 - 2003, CIQ Guangxi found pests such as Bactrocera dorsalis, Sternochetus olivieri in 200 lots of fruits imported from Vietnam, and found SO2 residues in every sampling lot of fresh longan, among which nearly 50% contained out-of-specification residues.

Facing such a situation, CIQ Guangxi reinforced their respective inspection, quarantine and supervision with respect toepidemics and toxic or harmful substances in the imported fruits, so as to ensure the quality and safety of fruits. Firstly, they reinforced their investigation, research and measurement, so as to grasp the possibility for imported/exported fruits in transferring epidemics and toxic or harmful substances as early as possible, and gave opinions and recommendations on the inspection, quarantine and supervision of imported fruits. The General Administration of CIQ promptly set up the examination and handling methods on SO2 residues for imported fruits like fresh longan, therefore resolve the previous difficulty in implementing the respective handling due to unified mandatory limitation missing; secondly, by formulating opinions on enhancing the inspection, quarantine and supervision of imported/exported fruits for CIQ Guangxi, and issuing the respective emergency notification, promptly deploy and guide the branch offices to conduct examination, supervision and control over the toxic or harmful substances and pests of imported/exported fruits. In addition, promote the use of fast measurement instruments, so as to achieve fast customs clearance for the imports; thirdly, by formulating the respective contingency plan for significant epidemics, improve the capability in epidemic identification and emergency handling; fourthly, by enhancing and regulating the preliminary check for inspection and quarantine, and setting up more strict criteria on inspection and quarantine of imported goods as well as on epidemic prevention in the subsequent production and processing, raise awareness and improve capability of the importing, producing and processing organizations on epidemic prevention; fifthly, unify the requirements on the contents, formats, and time limits for reporting the epidemics and toxic or harmful substances, and carrying out a responsibility system for reporting, ensure the situation to be reported promptly and precisely; sixthly, by conducting self-check and inspection on the enforcement of law for inspection and quarantine to imported fruits, urge the respective work to be done and improve the capability to inspect based on law; seventhly, promptly meet with the relevant departments of the exporting countries to request for actions on controlling the conveyance of problematic fruits to China. During the past year, CIQ Guangxi found 4 types of pests 19 times in the imported fruits; found the toxic or harmful substances like residue of SO2 in 1,143 lots, 15,260 t, of which 30 lots, 359 t had out-of-specification contents. These figures had a dramatic drop from those before the year 2003. The epidemics and toxic or harmful substances in the imported fruits have therefore come under effective control.

In addition, CIQ Guangxi took measures to promote the exports of Guangxi characteristic fruits, such as lichee and longan, and carried out an examination and documentation system for farms of fruits intended for export. In 2004, it conducted examinations and documentations on 14 farms of agricultural products, and conducted pre-checks in the course of production, strengthened inspection, quarantine and supervision on the production and processing processes, urged the farms to proceed in accordance with the requirements of the importing countries, thus guaranteed the exported fruits in compliance with the requirements of these countries from the outset. Last year, the lichee and longan produced in Guangxi were reported, inspected and quarantined locally for the first time (instead of through other province). As a result, 187t lichee and longan were exported to the United States smoothly, which ended the history that Guangxi had no lichee or longan reported for inspection and quarantine to be exported to the developed countries, and had effectively developed the international market for Guangxi agricultural products.

(Translated by Yang Xu)