季节对血压\血脂的影响

时间:2022-10-23 08:57:14

季节对血压\血脂的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨不同季节变化对人体血压、血脂的影响。方法 分析我院2008年全年健康体检人员体检资料,按月份分为四个季节,比较其血压、血脂的变化。结果 人体血压、总胆固醇高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平在不同季节成周期性变化。收缩压平均水平在冬季明显高于夏季,相差9.31 mm Hg;总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇平均水平在冬季明显高于夏季,冬季分别为4.80 mmol/L和2.65 mmol/L,夏季分别为4.62 mmol/L和2.39 mmol/L,差值分别为0.18 mmol/L(4%)和0.26 mmol/L(6%)(P

【关键词】

血压;血脂;季节

The impact of season for blood pressure and blood lipid

LI Ji-zhan. Department of Cardiology, The Second of People’s Hospital of Wuhu City, Anhui 241000,China

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the influence of different seasons for blood pressure and lipids. Methods The people accepted health examination in our hospital in 2008 were enrolled. The data of blood pressure and lipids was compared between summer and winter. Results The levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL) were changed periodically in different seasons. The mean level of systolic pressure in winter was significantly higher by 9.31 mm Hg than that in summer. And the level of cholesterol and LDL in winter increased by 0.18 mmol/L(4%)and 0.26 mmol/L(6%) respectively in average as compared with that in summer(P<0.05). However, in winter, the average level of HDL (1.44 mmol/L)was lower by 0.08 mmol/L(5%)than that in summer(P<0.01). Conclusion The season factor must be taken into account in the diagnosis of mild increase of blood pressure and lipids in winter. So patients should receive intensive lipid lowering and aggressive blood pressure lowering therapy.

【Key words】 Blood pressure; Blood lipid; Seasonal variation

人体血压和血脂水平在不同的季节、不同的环境温度下会发生相应的变化,为探讨季节环境温度变化对血压、血脂的影响, 我对对不同季节健康体检人员的血压、血脂进行分析研究。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一肌资料 2008年01月01日至12月31日我院11738个健康体检人员血压、血脂资料,按体检时间分为四个季节(12~2月,3~5月,6~8月,9~11月),结合全年的天气、相应的平均气温进行统计分析。全年天气温度数据由芜湖市气象部门提供。

1.2 方法 清晨空腹静脉血检测血脂,包括总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),应用美国贝克曼DXC 800生化仪检测。血压检测方法:休息5 min后坐位使用标准汞柱式血压计测右上臂血压。

1.3 统计学处理 所有数据均用SPSS 13.0软件包进行分析。计量资料以(x±s)表示,组间均数比较采用t检验分析,以P

2 结果

见表1。

2.1 四季组间年龄,体重指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)

2.2 人体收缩压和舒张压均随天气温度升高而下降,收缩压在冬季最高,夏季最低,相差9.31 mm Hg,两者比较有统计学意义(P

2.3 总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平在冬季最高,分别为4.80 mmol/L和2.65 mmol/L;夏季最低分别为4.62 mmol/L和2.39 mmol/L,差值分别为0.18 mmol/L(4%)和0.26 mmol/L(6%)(P

3 讨论

许多临床研究显示无论是高血压病还是在血液透析急性冠脉综合征心衰脑卒中等各种心血管疾病的患者,血压和血脂都有着明显季节性的周期变化[1-7]。在健康人群中亦存在同样的周期变化[8],对临床医师的诊断和治疗或多或少都会产生一定的影响。

有资料显示在寒冷的冬季人体血压明显高于炎热的夏季,其中收缩压变化最为明显,平均相差为8~10 mm Hg。有报道环境温度降低10℃收缩压升高5~7 mm Hg,甚至冬夏之差可达20~30 mm Hg[9],本研究资料为收缩压为9.3 mm Hg,舒张压为2.0 mm Hg,提示不同的季节血压确有明显差异,在不同季节的高血压病诊治过程中应充分考虑季节和环境温度变化的因素。事实上无论是在临床工作中还是其他的研究中都可以见到高血压病患者在炎热的夏季主动要求减少药物剂量,或自行停药[9]。季节和环境温度变化对血压的影响机制目前仍在探索中,一般认为在寒冷的冬季交感神经张力增加,儿茶酚胺分泌和外周血管阻力增加,心率增快等因素导致血压增高。血浆和尿液的去甲肾上腺素浓度明显增加是有力的佐证[1,6,9],肾尿钠排泄也可见到冬季减少夏季增多的周期性变化[10],而夏季温度增高可导致皮肤血管扩张,外周阻力下降,出汗和蒸发排除水分和钠盐致血压下降。在终末期血液透析治疗的患者中也可见到血清钠在冬季高而夏季低的季节性变化。此外环境温度对内皮功能的影响也可能是血压变化的因素之一[11]。

一年不同季节,白天温度和日照时间有明显变化的地区中,血清TC、HDL-C及LDL-C水平存在周期性改变,在最寒冷的季节有较高的血清TC和LDL-C水平、较低的HDL-C水平。有资料显示天气温度与血清TC和LDL-C水平成负相关,而与HDL-C成正相关,即使是在使用他汀类药物强化治疗过程中,仍然不能改变季节性周期变化的特点[5]。有研究表明TC冬季和夏季相差0.10~0.25 mmol/L(4-10%)[12],本研究TC和LDL-C水平在冬季最高(4.80 mmol/L和2.65 mmol/L),夏季最低(4.62 mmol/L和2.39 mmol/L),分别相差0.18 mol/L(4%)和0.26 mmol/L(6%)(P

季节和环境温度变化对血压和血脂存在明确的影响,而后者是其影响的主要因素,对有心脑血管疾病的高危人群,临床医师和患者在冬季或较冷的环境下应密切监测血压及血脂和适当调整药物的剂量。

参 考 文 献

[1] Yassar Y, Al-Tamer, Jasim M, et al. Seasonality of Hypertension, J Clin Hypertension, 2008,10:125-129.

[2] Atsushi Shinkawa, Kazuo Ueda, Yutaka Hasuo, et al. Seasonal variation of blood pressure in maintenance hemodialysis.Pev Paul Med,1998,116(4):1774-1777.

[3] Alfred K. Cheung, Guofen Yan, et al. Seasonal Variations in clinical and laboratory variables among chronic hemodialysis patients, J Am Soc Nephrol,2002,13: 2345-2352.

[4] Angel Argiles,Georges Mourad.Seasonal changes in blood pressure in patients with end-Stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis.N Engl J Med, 1998,339:1364-1370.

[5] Patricia T, Stephen D.Seasonal variation in lipids in patients following acute coronary syndrome on fixed doses of pravastatin (40 mg) or atorvastatin (80 mg) (from the pravastatin or atorvastatin evaluation and infection therapy-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 22 [PROVE IT-TIMI 22] study),Am J Cardiol,2009,103:1056-1060.

[6] Atsushi Shinkawa,Yutaka Hasuo.Seasonal variation in stroke incidence in hisayama, Japan, stroke,1990,21:1262-1267.

[7] Fabrice Boulay,Frederic Berthier, Olivier Sisteron, et al. Seasonal variation in chronic heart failure hospitalizations and mortality in france, Circulation,1999,100:280-286.

[8] PM Jansen, MJ Leineweber,Th Thien,et al. The effect of a change in ambient temperature on blood pressure in normotensives, Journal of Human Hypertension,2001,15: 113-117.

[9] Talma Posenthal,Seasonal variations in blood pressure.American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 2004,13:267-272.

[10] Szu-Yuan Li, Jinn-Yang Chen, Chiao-Lin Chuang, et al. Seasonal variations in serum sodium levels and other biochemical parameters among peritoneal dialysis patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant,2008,23: 687-692.

[11] Michael E. Widlansky, MD MPH,et al. Relation of Season and temperature to endothelium dependent flow mediated vasodilation in subjects without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease (From the framingham heart study).Am J Cardiol,2007, August 1,100(3): 518-523.

[12] Ira S, Ockcne,.Seasonal variations in serum cholesterol levels, Arch Intern Med,2004,164:863-870.

[13] William T. Donahoo, Dalan R. et al. Seasonal variation in lipoprotein lipase and plasma lipids in physically active,normal weight humans, J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2000,85:3065-3068.

[14] David J, Gordon, Donald C,et al. Seasonal cholesterol cycles: the lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial placebo group.Circulation,1987,76(6):1224-1231.

上一篇:氢氧化钙碘仿糊剂在根管消毒中的应用 下一篇:结核性脑膜脑炎30例临床分析