自体肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位临床疗效分析

时间:2022-10-17 04:34:28

自体肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位临床疗效分析

【摘要】 目的:探关节镜辅助下自体肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月-2016年3月在本科收治复发性髌骨脱位患者19例,手术采用关节镜下外侧副韧带松解,取同侧N绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带。术后正规关节功能锻炼,评估术后关节疼痛、无力、髌骨倾斜实验、恐惧实验等变化,术后关节功能改善采用Lyshom和Kujala膝关节评分及Insall疗效标准进行评价。结果:所有患者术后均获得随访,术前膝关节Lyshom评分为(68.3±1.4)分,术后(95.4±1.8)分;Kujala评分术前(63.2±2.3)分,术后(92.4±2.5)分,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P

【关键词】 复发性髌骨脱位; 自体肌腱; 内侧髌股韧带; 重建; 关节镜

Analysis of Autologous Tendon Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament for the Treatment of Recurrent Patellar Dislocation Clinical Curative Effect/JIN Yu-lin,ZHANG Wei,LI Xiao-peng.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(31):145-148

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic autologous tendon reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation.Method:Retrospective analysis 19 cases with recurrent patellar dislocation in our department,they were selected from June 2014 to March 2016.Surgery with arthroscopic lateral collateral ligament release, ipsilateral hamstring tendon autograft for the reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament.Postoperative they were given normal joint function exercise to assess postoperative pain,weakness, patellar tilt test and fear the changes.Postoperative joint function improve was evaluated by Lyshom and Kujala knee score and Insall standard.Result:All patients were followed up,preoperative knee score Lyshom for (68.3±1.4)score,postoperative was (95.4±1.8) score;Kujala score preoperative was(63.2±2.3) score and postoperative was (92.4±2.5) score, the differences were statistically significant(P

【Key words】 Recurrent patellar dislocation; Autologous tendon; Medial patellofemoral ligament; Reconstruction; Arthroscopic

3.2 手术病例的选择 内侧髌股韧带重建适用于髌骨近端内侧结构,特别是内侧髌股韧带断裂或松弛所引起的髌骨脱位。相关学者认为,重建内侧髌骨g带时需排除骨性发育异常[14],如:高位髌骨、股骨外髁发育不良、髌骨形态变异、膝关节外旋畸形、Q角改变(>20°)等。笔者在选择病例时排除了此类发育异常患者,因内侧髌股韧带重建不能纠正骨性力线异常,且该类患者需联合施行胫骨结节内移、滑车成形或截骨矫形等。

3.3 手术技术要点

3.3.1 外侧副韧带松解 本组患者为关节镜辅助下内侧髌骨韧带重建,常规行关节镜检,关节镜下常规修复半月板损伤、关节软骨损伤、切除过多的滑膜组织。外侧副韧带在关节镜监视下结合评估髌骨轨迹和髌股关节动态匹配关系的恢复情况进行松解,使得松解范围更为确切。内侧髌骨韧带重建也可通过关节镜调整韧带到适合张力,达到最佳的紧张度。在本组病例中,关节镜的使用不仅使手术达到微创,对关节内其他病变的处理使得术后效果更确切,提高了关节稳定性。

3.3.2 髌骨韧带双束重建 临床上髌骨韧带重建经历了非解剖向解剖,单束向双束重建的转变过程。内侧髌股韧带在髌骨内侧缘止点位于髌骨内缘中上2/3,重建内侧髌股韧带时应尽可能达“解剖位”重建。单束重建与正常髌股韧带解剖形态相差甚远,在膝关节任何屈曲角度都不能恢复正常的髌骨运动轨迹[15]。相对于单束重建,双束重建更接近解剖,临床效果更确切[16]。在髌骨韧带重建中,髌骨与股骨端的止点是手术成败的关键。对于髌骨止点,Fithian等[17]选择髌骨内缘中点和中上1/3作为双束止点,因此种双束重建在解剖学上与MPFL相近,且固定牢靠力学强度好,可最大程度回复MPFL的生物学功能。本组病例也选择该止点重建,且固定采用了金属锚钉固定术,相对于骨道挤压螺钉固定[18]。笔者认为其具有以下优点:(1)周围组织损伤小,操作简单;(2)避免了制作骨隧道带来骨折风险;(3)锚钉的尾线可将部分肌腱拉入骨道内形成腱-骨愈合;(4)相对于制作骨隧道固定,临床效果佳;(5)骨隧道因其带来骨折风险,骨道不易制备过大,只能取直径相对较小的肌腱,锚钉则不受其限制,可使用直径相对较大肌腱,增加稳定性;(6)手术中笔者置入锚钉时选择与髌骨冠状面成一定角度(15°~30°),减少了在同等方向上锚钉退出风险,增加了关节稳定性。对于股骨止点,Stephen等[19]认为MPFL的股骨止点最佳位置可以通过股骨远端前后距离及比例的方法来定位。Baldwin等[20]则通过股骨内上髁后方,距离内收肌结节约1 cm,两者所形成的凹陷为股骨止点的最佳点。本组试验采用此法,因其定位容易操作。对于韧带固定时屈曲角度,笔者建议在屈曲膝关节60°时固定,因为在屈膝关节60°位置时,很容易查看髌骨是否位于滑车中央,这与Nomura等[21]报道相一致。

在把握适应证前提下,关节镜辅助内侧髌骨韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位是一种不错的手术方法。关节镜下外侧副韧带的松解、术中双股髌骨韧带重建、髌骨端金属锚钉固定、屈膝关节60°位股骨端固定增加了髌骨的稳定性,提高了手术的可靠性。

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(收稿日期:2016-07-29) (本文辑:周亚杰)

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