诺贝尔奖知多少

Nobel Literature Prize

诺贝尔文学奖

The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has， in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel， produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”. The Swedish Academy（瑞典文学院） decides who， if anyone， will receive the prize in any given year.

根据创立者的遗嘱，诺贝尔文学奖授予最近一年来“在文学方面创作出具有理想倾向的最佳作品的人”。瑞典文学院决定将该奖授予谁。

Nobel Peace Prize

诺贝尔和平奖

According to Nobel’s will， the Peace Prize should be awarded to the person who “... shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity（友爱） between nations， for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses”.

诺贝尔和平奖是奖给为促进民族团结友好、取消或裁减常备军队以及为和平会议的组织和宣传尽到最大努力或做出最大贡献的人。

Nobel Physics Prize

诺贝尔物理学奖

This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious（杰出的、重大的） award that a scientist can receive in physics.

诺贝尔物理学奖是奖给在物理界有最重大的发现或发明的人，它由瑞典皇家科学院颁发。

Nobel Chemistry Prize

诺贝尔化学奖

This award is regarded as the mest prestigiows arward that a scientist can receive in chemistry. The award is presented in Stockholm（斯德哥尔摩） at an annual ceremony on December 10， the anniversary of Nobel’s death.

诺贝尔化学奖是奖给在化学上有最重大的发现或改进的人。该奖项在斯德哥尔摩每年的12月10日――诺贝尔的逝世纪念日颁发。

Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine

诺贝尔生理或医学奖

This prize is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field.

诺贝尔生理或医学奖是奖给在医学和生理学界有最重大的发现的人。

Nobel Economics Prize

诺贝尔经济学奖

Sveriges Riks bank（瑞典银行） celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1968 by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation. The following year， the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for the first time.

诺贝尔经济学奖是由瑞典银行在1968年为纪念诺贝尔而增设的。第二年，它第一次作为经济学领域里的诺贝尔纪念奖被授予。