第58届年度先锋建筑奖:Hirshhorn博物馆及雕塑园季节性扩展空间

注：第58届年度先锋建筑奖是由美国《建筑师》（《Architect》）杂志组织举办的2011年度建筑大奖，共有两个项目获奖（Award），另有4个项目受表彰（Citation），而申请参评项目达300个。hirshhorn这个项目以功能创新、可持续发展、建筑空间对话和视觉冲击力取胜，丰富了建筑的表现力和想象力。本文资料来源为《Architect》的官方网站www.省略。

图1 Inflated by rooftop pumps and with pressure maintained by an air lock, the Hirshhorn Museums seasonal expansion is an inflatable form that fills (and extends above and off to the side of) the building's central courtyard.

通过屋顶泵充气并由一个空气锁来维持压力，Hirshhorn博物馆季节性扩展空间是一个填充建筑中庭，并扩展和延伸到其边界之上和之外的可充气空间。

图2View from the Mall.

正视图。

图3The inflatable membrane structure will protrude out from the central atrium, under the building itself, and into the western courtyard, encompassing a 2,000-square-foot lounge.

可充气膜结构从中庭伸出，在建筑之下并延伸进西边院子，围合了一个2000平方英尺的休息厅。

图4Amphitheater/performance venue plan.

剧场/会场平面图。

图5In the main space, seating can be set up to accommodate a performance.

主空间，座位可以达到表演观看的要求。

图6 Film venue plan.

电影院平面图。

图7 Main space

seating set up for

afilm.

主空间观看电影时

座位设置。

图8Exhibition/art installation venue plan.

展览或艺术布场平

面图。

图9 Bubble-enclosed courtyard set up as exhibition space.

设置为展览空间的泡状封闭庭院。

图10 View from galleries.

画廊视图。

图11 Inflation sequence, step one: install roof ring and blower and unpack membrane.

充气程序，第一步：安装屋顶环、风箱，打开膜。

图12Inflation diagram, step 2: unfurl membrane and attach guide cables.

充气图，第二步：展开膜并系上操纵缆。

图13 Inflation diagram, step 3: Inflate big and small bubbles.

充气图，第三步：给大小泡膜充气。

图14Inflated membrane.

已充气的泡膜。

图15An anchor ring mounted at roof level to supports the inflated membrane as it rises above the roof line.

系在屋顶平面的锚环用来支撑升过屋顶线的充气膜。

图16Inflatable systems concept: Air seal and inflation tube connection.

可充气系统理念：空气封盖和充气管的连接。

图17Inflatable systems concept: Air seal and inflation tube connection.

可充气系统理念：空气封盖和充气管的连接。

图18 Inflatable systems concept: Roof-mounted inflation equipment.

可充气系统理念：屋顶固定充气装置。

图19Inflatable systems concept: Revolving doors to act as air locks.

可充气系统理念：作为空气锁的旋转门。

Site: The paved exterior space of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and completed in 1974.

场所： 位于华盛顿特区的Hirshhorn博物馆及雕塑园，该馆园由Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill设计，建成于1974年，外部空间都是砖铺地面。扩展空间就是在这一场所进行设计建设。

Program: A temporary event space for public education programs, served by a 2,000-square-foot lounge.

项目： 一个临时性的公共教育项目活动空间，包容一个2000平方英尺的休息厅。

Solution: Bunshaft’s brooding concrete-and-granite donut at the Hirshhorn Museum is a perfect foil for an inflatable structure whose playful form will take over the museum’s central courtyard and surrounding plaza in warm weather. The proposal by New York’s Diller Scofidio + Renfro for a seasonal expansion will create a vibrant public space to house art and education events.

解决方案： Bunshaft设计的混凝土和花岗岩甜饼圈式Hirshhorn博物馆是一个完美的陪衬场所，用于一个可充气结构，在温暖的季节里，它好玩的外形刚好利用了博物馆的中庭空间和广场。由纽约的Diller Scofidio + Renfro提出的这个季节性扩展设计方案将创造一个充满活力的公共空间，用于艺术和教育活动。

The inflatable membrane―which squeezes into the void of the museum courtyard, oozing out the top and beneath its mass―covers the museum’s courtyard and transforms the central space into an auditorium, café, and meeting place. The pavilion will be erected for one month each spring and fall. Both installation and building, the air-filled structure challenges long-standing perceptions of what a museum means as a public space, how it encourages pluralistic audiences, and what it is able to exhibit. Its presence underscores a paradigm shift at the Hirshhorn: The museum is growing in importance as a place for dialogue and education extending beyond the traditional art world.

可充气膜盖住了博物馆的庭院，把其中部空间转换成一个礼堂、咖啡厅和会议厅，膜是从博物馆中空的庭院钻入，从顶部冒出并占据博物馆建筑主体的下部空间。这个扩展空间在春、秋两季都要搭建起来并使用一个月的时间。其安装过程和建筑本身以及充气的结构都挑战了博物馆作为公共空间长期以来存在于人们头脑中的理念：怎么样鼓励多元化的观众来参与？博物馆究竟能展示一些什么？在Hirshhorn这个案例中，一个范例得到了强调：博物馆作为除了传统意义上的艺术场所外，正在作为一个对话和教育的扩展空间，这个认识的重要性现在越来越受到重视。

“In terms of the innovation, the freshness of the idea, the sustainable aspects, and the presentation, it’s just delicious,” juror Dan Rockhill enthused. Juror Steve Dumez noted, “It uses resources. But it reuses them, over and over and over again.”

“从创新的视角来看，该项目理念的新颖性，可持续发展的因素以及其表现力都是令人耳目一新的。”评委Dan Rockhill热情地评价。评委Steve Dumez指出，“该项目利用了资源，而且重用了资源，一次又一次地重用了资源。”

The translucent pavilion will immerse visitors in a sheltered, 14,000-square-foot space shaped by a series of cable rings that constrict the membrane, pulling it away from the walls of the building’s central courtyard. Other cables will tether it into place at each floor. The resulting contours produce changing shafts and pockets of outdoor space that visitors will experience from the ground and the galleries. Semipermanent anchors are designed to be removed when not in use, and the membrane can be recycled when it reaches the end of its life.

这个半透明的扩展厅将为容纳观众而提供一个14000平方英尺的掩体，该掩体由一系列牵引膜的缆绳造型，由建筑的中庭墙体向外拉住。其它的缆绳则把膜系连在每一楼层。由此形成富于变化的空间，让参观者从地面和画廊获得体验。半永久性的锚按不用时可拆除的要求设计，而膜在扩展厅不再使用时可以回收利用。

Within the bubble, the courtyard will accommodate 500 to 800 seats for an array of public events including live performances, films, lectures, and debates. A café and lounge will extend from the central event space into the adjacent sculpture plaza. After it has been inflated by semipermanent inflation equipment stored on the roof of the building, the seemingly weightless pavilion will provoke a dialogue with the solid, permanent form of the museum. And so that it doesn’t deflate, pressure is maintained by an air lock in the entry vestibule.

在泡膜之中，庭院可提供500到800座的观众阵列场所用于公共活动，如现在表演、电影、演讲和辩论。一个咖啡厅和休息厅从公共活动空间中延伸进毗连的雕塑广场。在其由安装在建筑屋顶之上的半永久性充气设备充满气后，这个临时性的、看似轻若如浮的扩展厅引发了与那个永久的、固定而厚重的博物馆之的对话。而且通过入口门厅的空气锁，泡膜中空气的强力得以维持，并不会收缩，从而使泡膜造型稳定。

“The Hirshhorn is a wonderful building, but this will completely transform the way you experience it,” Dumez observed. “On the exterior, you’ll see this odd protuberance sticking out of the bottom and the top. But just imagine what the inside galleries will be like, where currently you look across this empty space. Because of the transparency, this form is going to interact with the entire building.”

“Hirshhorn扩展空间是一个非常精彩的建筑，而且它会彻底地改变你体验建筑的方式。”Dumez说，“在外部，你将会看到这个奇异的凸起，它从建筑底部和顶部伸出。但只要你想一想里面的画廊将会是一个什么模样，就有丰富的想象空间。尽管现在里面没有布置，只是一个空间而矣。因为它是透明的，这个形体将和整个博物馆建筑互动交流，由此使整个场所生动活泼起来。”

Project Credits项目信息列表

Client客户

Hirshhorn Museum, Smithsonian Institution

Lead Designer主要设计师

Diller Scofidio + Renfro, New York―Elizabeth Diller (principal-in-charge); Charles Renfro, AIA, Ricardo Scofidio, AIA (principals); David Allin (project leader); William Arbizu, James Brucz, Michael Etzel, Felipe Ferrer, Matthew Ostrow, Haruka Saito (project team)

Associate Architect合作建筑师

KlingStubbins, Washington, D.C.―Pascal Pittman, AIA (principal); Diane Evans, AIA (project manager)

Tensile Structure Engineer张力结构工程师

Form TL―Gerd Schmid (principal)

Theater Design剧场设计师

Fisher Dachs Associates―Joshua Dachs (principal)

Acoustician声学设计师

JaffeHolden―Mark Holden (principal)

Lighting Consultants照明咨询师

Tillotson Design Associates―Suzan Tillotson (president)

Wind Engineering Consultants风力工程咨询师

Wacker Ingenieure―Jürgen Wacker

Climatic Analysis and Engineering气候分析及工程师

DyAnaKG―Andreas Buchner

Rigging Consultant缆索咨询师

Inauen-Schätti―Bruno Inauen

Size场所面积

14,000 square feet