小议汉译英中的词语省译

时间:2022-10-03 06:08:50

[摘要]汉译英时可以采用多种方法将汉语翻译成英语,如音译法、直译法、意译法、增补法、减词法、转换词性的方法等等,应根据不同的情况灵活运用各种翻译方法,以达到准确翻译的目标。本文对汉译英中的省译方法进行了分析,并举例说明。

[关键词]汉译英 省译

[中图分类号]H315.9 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1009-5349(2011)08-0039-01

翻译既有增补词语的译法,也有减少词语的译法。但应当说明的是,减词绝不是将原文的内容删掉不译,而是指原文中有些词在译文中虽未译出来,但从上下文中已可看出其含义。减掉一些可有可无的词或违背译文习惯表达法的词语,既可使译文用词不显得累赘、臃肿,又使译文更加简洁、流畅。现举例说明如下:

一、减掉原文中重复的词语

1.要是下三天的雨,难道我就在这儿住三天不成?

Am I to stay here for three days if it rains that long?

2.生也好,死也好,我们要忠于党,忠于人民,忠于祖国。

Live or die,we should be loyal to our Party,to our people and to our motherland.(只译一个“忠于”即可)

3.在抗日战争中,八路军和中国人民组成了一道铜墙铁壁。

During the Anti-Japanese War,the Chinese people and the Communist―led Eighth Route Army built up a bastion of iron(or a wall of bronze).(在本句的译文里只须译成“a bastion of iron”或“a wall of bronze”即可。如译成“a bastion of iron and a wall of bronze”,就会使译文既累赘又不符合英语的习惯用法。在八路军的前面加了一个“Communist.1ed”是为了让西方读者了解当时的八路军是由中国共产党领导的部队)

4.我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。

We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problems.

5.他们为国家做的贡献比我们所做的贡献要大得多。

They have done much more contributions for the state than we have.

二、汉语中有些词可以不译

汉语中不少虚词如“就”“又”“还”“都”,名词如“情况”“情景”“观点”“面貌”“发展”“质量”“事业”等都可以省去不译。例如:

1.她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后都主动伸出援助之手。

After her friends heard about her family difficulties,they offered her a helping hand.

2.师生关系愈好,就愈有利于教学质量的提高。

The closer relations between teachers and students,the more chances for improving teaching. (省去“质量”未译,如译成“the quality of teaching”则不符合英语的习惯用法)

3.我还清晰地记得和总理第一次见面的情景。

I still remember dearly my first meeting with Premier Zhou Enlai.

4.迅速改变我国贫穷落后的面貌,是我国各族人民的强烈愿望。

l)It is the burning desire of all the peoples to end our country’s poverty and backwardness quickly.

2)To quickly end our country’s poverty and backwardness is the burning desire of the Chinese people of all nationalities.

5.我们已经结束了时期的社会动乱和纷扰不安的局面。

We have put an end to the social unrest and upheaval during that period of the Cultural Revolution.

6.等他回国再说。

Let’s wait till he is back to China.(这句话如果译成:“Let’s wait till he is back to China and speak it again.”就成了汉语式的英语!)

7.此时鲁小姐卸了浓妆,换几件雅淡衣服,遽公举目细看,真有沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌。

By this time Miss Lu had changed out of her ceremonial dress into an ordinary gown, and then Just looked at her closely. He saw that her beauty would put the flowers to shame.(省去“沉鱼落雁之容”未译)

在文学作品的汉译英中更需要减词。因为汉语的文学作品中往往爱用对仗形式来形容同一事物,以加强语气。在译成英语时却要减一些词,只译其中之一,这样既符合英语的习惯用法,又可使译文更为生动传神。上句中只译出“闭月羞花之貌”也许可以使西方读者能欣赏其美,如再将“沉鱼落雁之容”勉强译出,译文就会累赘不堪,反而使西方读者无法理解原文之妙。

【参考文献】

[1]田传茂,杨先明.汉英翻译策略.华东师范大学出版社,2008.

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