应对不同时态的被动语态只需两招

英语的被动语态由“be +过去分词”构成，而被动语态的时态则通过动词be来体现，如一般现在时的被动语态由“am [is， are]+过去分词”构成，一般将来时的被动语态由“will be +过去分词”构成，现在完成时的被动语态由“have [has] been +过去分词”构成，等等。由此可知，学好不同时态的被动语态，主要应注意两点：第一，它是否是被动语态（be +过去分词）；第二，它是哪种时态（要注意不同时态的构成方法）。所以解答不同时态的被动语态考题通常只需两招：

第一招：判断句子主语与谓语之间是否有被动关系。

第二招：分析句子谓语该用哪种时态（主要从句子语境和时态呼应等方面分析）。

例1 In case of bad weather， the wedding _______ indoors.

A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held

第一招：确定语态。由于wedding（婚礼）与hold（举行）之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，故可排除A和B。

第二招：确定时态。根据In case of bad weather（万一天气不好）可知，句子谈论的是将来的情况，故要用将来时态，即选D。

句意为：万一下雨，婚礼将在室内举行。

例2 No decision will be made about any future appointment until all the candidates _______.

A. will interview B. will be interviewed

C. have interviewed D. have been interviewed

第一招：确定语态。由于candidates（候选人）与interview（面试）之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，可排除A和C。

第二招：确定时态。因为until引导的是时间状语从句，不能使用将来时态，而要用一般现在时表示将来或用现在完成时，故可排除B，即答案为D。

句意为：直到对所有的候选人都进行了面试才能决定进一步的委任。

例3 After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading， only to be told that it _______.

A. was decorated

B. had decorated

C. had been decorating

D. was being decorated

第一招：确定语态。由于it（指阅览室）与decorate（装修）之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，可排除两个主动语态选项B和C。

第二招：确定时态。根据英语语法，only后接不定式表示结果时，通常是表示一种出人意料的结果。在本题中，“放学后去阅览室”本来是希望能顺利地进阅览室看书，但only to be told ... 却暗示一种意想不到的结果，显然是指阅览室正在装修，不能进入看书，故选D。

句意为：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。

例4 ―Have you heard about that fire in the market？

― Yes， fortunately no one _______.

A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt

第一招：确定语态。因 no one 与 hurt 之间为被动关系，汉语说“没有受伤”，其中的“受”就是“被”的意思，即“没人被伤害到”，故答案应从被动语态中找，可排除A和C。

第二招：确定时态。根据对话的意思可知，这里谈论的是过去发生的动作，而非过去的过去，故应用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时，即答案选 B。

句意为：“你听说过市场里的那场火灾吗？”“听说过，幸运的是没有人受伤。”

【边学边练】

1. A red sky in the morning ______ to be a sign of bad weather.

A. says B. is saying C. is said D. is being said

2. The book _______ for anyone who wants to learn more about the Internet.

A. is intended B. has intended

C. is intending D. will intend

3. Blood is the medium in which oxygen _______ to all parts of the body.

A. is carried B. has carried C. is carrying D. will carry

4. If the package _______ well， we assume the contents are also wonderful.

A. is wrapped B. has wrapped C. is wrapping D. will wrap

5. Both hydrogen and oxygen are elements， but water， which _______ when they combine， is not.

A. is formed B. has formed C. is forming D. will form

6. The swimmer hung on to the rope and _______ to safety.

A. is pulled B. has pulled C. was pulled D.was pulling

7. Einstein _______ the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory.

A. is awarded B. has awarded

C. was awarded D. was awarding

8. They ought to have arrived at lunchtime but the flight _______.

A. is delayed B. has delayed

C. was delayed D. was delaying

9. The time came when she _______ to choose between her marriage and her career.

A. is forced B. has forced C. was forced D. was forcing

10. I _____ to wait four hours before I was examined by a doctor.

A. made B. has made C. was made D. was making

11. Anyone seen carrying boxes， bags， or whatever， _______ by the police.

A. stopped B. has stopped

C. was stopped D. was stopping

12. I can’t turn a blind eye when someone _______.

A. has robbed B. was robbed

C. was robbing D. is being robbed

13. The dealer will provide you with a courtesy car while your vehicle_______.

A. has repaired B. was repaired

C. is being repaired D. was been repaired

14. The Olympic torch is carried by runners to the place where the games _______.

A. has held B. was held

C. are being held D. were been held

15. He apologized to the people who _______.

A. affected B. have affected

C. have been affected D. had been affected

16. No decision ______ until next year， so you’ll just have to wait and see.

A. have made B. are made

C. will make D. will be made

17. Candidates who are successful in the written test ______ for an interview.

A. have invited B. have been invited

C. will invite D. will be invited

18. There is every chance that more jobs ______ later this year.

A. will lose B. will be lost

C. have lost D. have been lost

19. There’s still a ray of hope that the missing child ______ alive.

A. was found B. have found

C. will find D. will be found

20. Full details of the election results ______ in a special edition of tomorrow’s newspaper.

A. will publish B. will be published

C. have published D. have been published

21. No-one knows how many people ______ since the war began.

A. have killed B. have been killed

C. killed D. were killed

22. She has written two novels， both of which ______ into television series.

A. have made B. have been made

C. had made D. had been made

23. Due to the recent high cost of borrowing， many companies ______ to close.

A. had forced B. had been forced

C. have forced D. have been forced

24. Once the goods ______ for they will be delivered at your convenience.

A. have paid B. have been paid

C. will pay D. will been paid

25. At least fifty four people ______ and a further fifty are missing.

A. have killed B. have been killed

C. will kill D. will be killed

【参考答案】 1―5 CAAAA 6―10 CCCCC 11―15 CDCCD