浅议完形填空解题技巧

仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我不难发现，记叙文是高考完形填空中出现概率最高的一类文体，该体裁多以记人、叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件的情态及其发展过程，以表达作者的态度和思想。记叙文多以人物思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。其主要话题涉及励志故事、人物传记和新闻报道等，大多数都富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣或人生感悟，均符合高中英语新课标所提出的选材要求。

在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧。很明显，如果掌握了若干成熟的解题路子，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。下面以高考题中的完形填空为例子，详细解读记叙文类完形填空的解题思路和策略。

一、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择

首句一般不设空。因此我们应重视首句，并利用首句预测短文的问题和全文内容。

1. I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was ____ and when I was 14 he said. “You’re never going to be anything but a failure.”

A.bright B.useless

C.simple D.hopeful

2. Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her first concert. She had been waiting for this moment for years and years. “Now it is here at last，” she thought. “How beautiful her ① is.”

The song made her go back to the days when she was Lauren’s age. As a young girl， Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied ② in France， Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine ③ in the future，” her teachers told her. “But you must be prepared to study hard and work for many years.

①A.voice B.face C.dress D.life

②A.French B.music C.piano D.dance

③A.actress B.student C.singer D.dancer

二、根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题

Our father was struggling lawyer， but I always knew he was ① . He never criticized us， but used ② to bring out our best.

①A.strict B. honest C. special D. learned

②A.help B. peace C. smile D. praise

三、利用语篇标志解题

常见语篇标志词语：结构层次：firstly， secondly， thirdly；逻辑关系：thus， therefore， so；递进关系：besides， what’s more， further.转折关系：but， while， however， on the other hand等。

She told the front-desk clerk she had had a（n）____ vacation， but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed.

A.disappointing B.wonderful

C.uncomfortable D.important

因此，我们要善于“三找”：“一找”逻辑关系（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）；“二找”NOT；“三找”AND。

四、根据逻辑推理解题

And the officers then began to eat their meal， saying that the mushrooms had a very strange____ quite pleasant taste.

A. besides B. but C. and D. or

五、根据常识和文化背景来选择

The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control， particularly in the _____areas like the desert.

A. dry B. distant

C. deserted D. wild

六、挠锓角度来解题

1.I went into a cafe and asked for a coffee._____ I was waiting for my drink， I realized that there were other people in the place， but I sensed loneliness.

A.Before B.Since C.Although D.While

2. Have you ever shouted at a teacher， told someone you were lonely， or said you were in love， and then _____ later you had kept your mouth shut？

A.wished B.hoped

C.blamed D.shared

七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题

He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming____ . So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.

A.after all B.in all

C.at all D.for all

八、从词语分析的角度来解题

When， two weeks later， I _____ this same boy， I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should enjoy the country as the son of a minister.

A.ran after B.ran into

C.ran over D.ran to

九、根据找复现、同现解题

1.复现

复现是一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。

（1）原词复现

为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。

All of a sudden I started to feel rather ① . She wondered why I was looking for this sort of ② . I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.

①A.encouraged B.dissatisfied

C.helpless D.pleased

②A.place B.job

C.advice D.help

（2）同义词、近义词复现

同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。

This is what a hobby means， I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the ____of it. The value in dollars is not important； we do it for the pleasure it gives us.

A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest

（3）反义词复现

语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。

Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn’t _____ your money； it only tightens it.

A. loosen B. weaken

C. decrease D. reduce

（4）同源词复现

对于上下语义复现的表达，还可以借助复现的信息的同源词或同根词。

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given， the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading ... When research is_____ ， the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.

A. collected B. assigned

C. distributed D. finished

（5）上义词复现

上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。

Other times， he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ____ agriculture， diving and mathematics.

A. followed B. gave C. set D. took

Hurriedly， they packed their belongings and set off _____ the direction of the river.

A. for B. to C. At D. in

技巧四：熟词生义――巧辨析

Dad taught me a lot about life， especially its hard times. I remembered one of his ① ， one night when I was ready to quit a political campaign I was losing， and wrote about it in my diary.

Tired， feeling the months of ② ， I went up to my study to make some notes.

①A. classes B. advice

C. lessons D. talks

②A. struggle B. working

C. battle D. defense

She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play.

It was a good ① of getting rid of his nervousness， she said. She was right， it seemed to

② .

①A. idea B. way C. path D. plan

②A. do B. win C. work D. act

Again， I ____ with Professor Jayne. Again， he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his mind.

A. quarreled B. reasoned

C. bargained D. chatted

The teacher said Evonne is not college material... Evonne’s head ① down in her studies the rest of that year. Then she worked her way through college. She finished her 4 years and ② to graduate school.

①A. kept B. nosed C. bent D. turned

②A. wandered B. headed

C. immigrated D. rushed

之，通过对上述各种解题技巧的解读，我们可以发现，完形填空的解题绝不是无章可循，而是有可以参考的重要线索和规律。总的看来，基于主题思想的范畴，这些规律可概括为：上下求索找信息、深思熟虑辩逻辑、左顾右盼选搭配、前思后想靠常识。

（作者单位：黑龙江省青冈一中）