由高考题看对倒装语法的考查

（孟津第一高级中学，河南洛阳471100）

【摘 要】倒装句是高考必考的重要语法现象，由于它规律性强、复现率高，也是考生必须掌握的重点。倒装句就是为了语法结构的需要或为了强调而把谓语的一部分或全部提到主语的前面。倒装句有两种:部分倒装与完全倒装。掌握了倒装的规则就容易提高此类题目的得分率。

【关键词】倒装规则；部分倒装；完全倒装

研读高考英语真题，我们发现倒装这个语法几乎是每年必考的知识点。高考《考纲》明确提出：考生能在特定的语境中熟练而准确地使用一些较为特殊的倒装表达法。这类考题的特点：同类型倒装试题在历年高考试题中复现率高，规律性强，主要考查部分倒装。

例如2011年高考全国新课标卷：

Only when he reached the tea-house______it was the same place he’d been in last year.

A. he realizedB. he did realize

C. realized heD. did he realize

解析：only 加时间状语从句位于句首，引起句子部分倒装，所以答案为D。

那么首先我们要知道倒装句的概念。 倒装可分为全倒装和部分倒装（半倒装）。把整个谓语动词放在主语之前称为全部倒装；把谓语动词的一部分（助动词／情态动词）放在主语之前称为部分倒装。理解了这个概念，就能很好地对倒装这种语法现象进行很好的判断了，本文主要讨论一些部分倒装（半倒装）的解题规律。

例1（2011·湖南卷）Only afterthey had discussed the matter for several hours _______a decision.

A. they reached B. did they reach

C. they reachD.do they reach答案 【B】

例2Only then _____ how much damage had been caused.

A. She realized B. she had realized

C. had she realizedD. did she realize 答案 【D】

部分倒装规则1：only后边加副词、介词短语、状语从句时，要实现部分倒装。

Only then did he knowthe truth.

Only in this way can we improve our English.

Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

但only后边加主语时不倒装。如：Only he can answer the question.

例3（2011·福建卷）-It’s nice. Never beforesuch a special drink!

-I’m glad you like it.

A.I have had B. I had

C. have I hadD. had I答案【C】

例4 (2010·四川卷)We laugh at jokes，but seldom ______about how they work．

A．we think B．think we

C．we do think D．do we think 答案 【D】

例5 Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ________ such a beautiful place.

A. can you findB. you could find

C. you can findD. could you find 答案 【A】

例6 Not only______to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.

A. that he was forced B. he was forced

C. had he been forcedD. was he forced 答案【D】

部分倒装规则2： 否定副词或含有否定意义的结构置于句首要部分倒装。如：never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom，rarely, nowhere, not only, not once, by no means等。

例如 Never before have I seen such a moving film.

Not a single mistake did he make.

例7 -Did Linda see the traffic accident

-No， no sooner ____ than it happened.

A.had she goneB. she had gone

C. has she goneD. she has gone答案【A】

例8 Hardly _______lunch _______the phone rang.

A. had we started; thanB. had we started; when

C. did we start; whenD. did we start; than 答案 【B】

部分倒装规则3：no sooner…than…; hardly（scarcely) …when…

这两个句型都表示“一…就…”, 前半部分引起部分倒装后半部分不倒装。

例9(2010·江西卷)Not until he left his home ______to know how important the family was for him.

A. did he begin B. had he begun

C. he beganD. he had begun答案 【A】

部分倒装规则4：not until 位于句首引起句子部分倒装。

例如 Not until the teacher came in did we stop talking.

例10(2009·山东卷) So sudden ______ that the enemy had no time to escape.

A. did the attackB. the attack did

C. was the attackD. the attack did答案 【C】

部分倒装规则5: so 或者such 连同它所修饰的成份位于句首引起句子部分倒装。例如 So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.

So difficult a problem is it that he can’t work it out.

Such a good boy is he that we all like him.

综合以上例子我们可以看出倒装规律性很强，只有熟悉它的规则，我们才能提高得分率。在倒装语法考查的时候，我们要记住一个口诀（解题思路）：先看句首，再比选项，分析时态，做出判断。先看句首，再比选项。目的在于断定是部分倒装还是全倒装，分析时态，做出判断。说明时态断定也很重要。

例11：The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ with each other.

A. they had quarreledB. they have quarreled

C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled

解析：never 位于句首，引起句子部分倒装，再者分析时态，The old couple have been married for 40 years，说明从结婚到现在从未吵架，因此时态是现在完成时。答案 【C】