时间：2022-08-13 03:30:36
完形填空不仅涉及到词法、句法、惯用法，还涉及到情景、篇章结构和常识等问题，所以难度较大，是英语试题中的难点之一。因此，正确了解完形填空的解题步骤，把握答题技巧，对提高答题的速度和正确率有着非常重要的作用。完形填空的解题步骤及技巧大致如下：
一、 解题步骤
1．快速通读全文。
首先要快速地跳过空格不看选项阅读全文一至两遍，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。如果是故事性的文章就要大体掌握故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件、事情的起因及结果。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途；快速阅读时还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的作用，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。
2．有根据地选词填空。
在掌握了文章的大意后，再阅读全文（包括所提供的四个选项），同时逐个进行选词填空。在选词时要前后观察，对空格前后部分的句子作深入分析，分析空格在句中的意思及句法功能，同时还要寻找启示，进行逻辑推断。若短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文的分析，依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理、判断，从而使选的每一项都有依据。
选择答案的方法可用择优法或排除法。择优法就是将四个选项逐个代入句中或文中，选出在词义上符合要求且在语法上又正确的答案；排除法就是根据短文，从词义、词汇搭配、语法结构、上下文着手，发现选项中词汇意义不符、搭配不符、语法错误、上下文矛盾的地方，把错误的选项一一加以排除，剩下的就是正确答案。
3．还原检查，顺理成章。
完成选择后，将答案代入短文，再从头至尾看一遍，检查是否顺理成章，独立成一篇短文且无语法上的毛病，在语义和语法两方面无误后便算完成。
二、 解题技巧
1．重视首、尾句。
完形填空所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空格，它很可能是文章开篇的重要交代，为预测短文体裁及全文大意提供了重要信息，尾句则往往是短文的灵魂。首、尾句还可能是短文的主题句。在主题句中，通常会出现文章的背景知识、故事性文章的时间、地点、人物及事件等，抓住并理解主题句对统观全文有很大的帮助。
2．先易后难。
首先选出那些只要根据上下文就能确定的答案，即固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构等。对于生疏的人名、地名以及次要的修饰语可暂时搁置，这些东西往往纷杂、累赘，甚至令人厌烦，可以尽量绕开它们，其实有时它们对解题毫无用处。假如某个空格太难而一时把握不准该选哪一个选项，可以先把它们放在一边进行“冷却”，把会的全部做好，这样就增强了信心，有利于难题的不攻自破。
3．充满信心、集中精力。
答题时头脑中切忌出现自己“解不出”、“做不完”、“看不懂”等坏信号，那样可能导致惨败结局。全神贯注、集中精力可使答题一气呵成，既有利于答题效率的提高，又能保证答题的准确性。
三、例文精析
Tommy lives outside the city. His father works in a small factory and 1 much. His mother is often ill. But they have not enough money to buy any 2 for her. Though the boy is young, he does his best to do some 3 at home.
Now the little boy is six years old. It’s time for him to 4 . His father couldn’t buy a new bag for him. He had to bring an old 5 one with him. He didn’t mind it, but the rich children always 6 him. He wouldn’t tell his parents about it and decided to get some money 7 .
There lives a shopkeeper not far from their house. The man is very 8 and has a nice house with a beautiful garden. When autumn comes, the leaves begin to 9 . Of course the gardener sweeps them out. But this autumn the gardener is 10 and can not do it. The man wanted to employ (雇佣) a worker to do it. The boy 11 about it. One Saturday morning he went to the house and began to 12 the door. A servant met him and he told her what he had gone there for. The girl 13 him for a long time and asked, “Is it real that you can sweep the leaves out?”
“Yes, madam,” answered the boy. “I can do 14 at home. I’ll try to do it well, I think.”
The shopkeeper knew about it and 15 to employ the boy. But only half an hour later he got back with one hundred dollars in his hand. His father was surprised and asked, “Why did the shopkeeper pay you so much money for only half an hour?”
“Because his dog bit (咬) me,” said the boy. “It’s his reward (报酬)!”
() 1. A. paysB. is paid C. doesn’t pay D. isn’t paid
() 2. A. medicineB. food C. drink D. salt
() 3. A. homework B. cookingC. housework D. washing
( ) 4. A. go to workB. go to schoolC. go to bedD. get up
( ) 5. A. niceB. dirty C. brokenD. dear
( ) 6. A. laughed at B. beatC. helpedD. shouted at
( ) 7. A. her B. himC. herselfD. himself
( ) 8. A. strangeB. richC. terribleD. polite
( ) 9. A. fallB. grow C. fly D. move
( ) 10. A. busyB. freeC. healthy D. strong
( ) 11. A. told B. was toldC. calledD. was called
( ) 12. A. mend B. watch C. knock atD. try out
( ) 13. A. looked forB. looked at C. sent for D. played with
( ) 14. A. everything B. somethingC. anythingD. nothing
( ) 15. A. hopedB. hatedC. tried D. agreed
答案与详解：
1．D 此句应用被动语态，他的父亲被付给工资。由下文可知他的报酬不多，所以用否定形式。
2．A他的母亲有病，他们自然是没钱为她买药了。其他选项不合题意。
3．C由下文知道他现在还没有上学，自然不是做家庭作业，他妈妈经常生病，可推知他正在家中尽力做家务。
4．B由他的父亲不能给他买一个新书包可知他到了上学的时候。
5．C由句子意思“他只能带给他一个既旧又坏的包”决定。
6．Alaugh at为“嘲笑”的意思。
7．D他决定自己赚钱。
8．B有带着花园的漂亮房子，一定很富有。
9．A秋天树叶下落是自然规律。
10．A由下文可知四个选项中只有busy合理。
11．Btell sb. about sth. 是告诉某人关于某事，此句是它的被动语态形式，这个男孩被告知这件事。call没有这个用法。
12．Cknock at为“敲门”的意思。
13．Blook for为寻找，send for是派人去请，play with是与……玩，都与题意不符。
14．A只想得到工作，自然要说自己能做任何事情。
15．Dagree to do是同意做某事。