except,besides,but用法辨析

时间:2022-07-30 06:55:00

besides和except都可表示“除……以外”讲,但含义不同。

1.besides表示“除……以外,还有”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,含义是肯定的。如:There aremany rivers in China besides the Changjiang andHuanghe.中国除了长江、黄河之外,还有许多河流。

He has other people to take care of besides me.

2.besides还可以用作副词,意为“除此以外,此外,而且”。如:

Besides,I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music.另外.我还喜欢了解从政治到体育和音乐的动态。

I don’t want to go;(and)besides,I’m tired.我不想去,而且我也累了。

This car belongs t0 Smith.and he has two others besides.这辆车是史密斯的。他还有另外两部。

3.except表示“从整体中除去一部分”,含义是否定的。

试比较:①We a11 went besides him.除他之外,我们大家也都去了。

②We all went except him.除他之外,我们都去了。(他没有去)

注意:用于含有否定意义的句子时,二者的意思是一样的。即besides在意义上相当于except.如:

He did nothing besides (except) this.除这件事之外,他什么事也没做。

4.except for:①可用在句首;②表示除去整体中的一部分,它所叙述的事实或细节部分修正句子的主要意思。其后一般接名词,且except前后名词不属同一类。

①He is a good man except for hot temper.他是个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已。

ftemper和man不是同一概念范畴的词,temper只是man的一个侧面,因此用except for,而不用except)

②Except for one old lady,the bus was empty,除了一位老大娘外,公共汽车里是空的。

5.except that后跟从句,用来表示理由或细节,修正前面所说的情况,其后须接从句,可与except for互换。如:①Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes,=Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.

②I knew nothing about him except for the fact that he lived next door.

6.but与except都可作“除……之外,不包括……在内”,常可互换。

如:We are here but/except Mary.

但but着重指整体,常用于no,a11,nobody,anywhere,everything,who,when,where,what等词之后。如:

①everywhere but in Scotland决不在苏格兰

②There is no one here but me.

③Who but George would do such a thing?

而except不受此限制,且着重在除去的部分。如:

The window is never opened except in summer.(此处except不可用but)

7.but与except引导的句子:如其前有实义动词do的适当形式(to do或do或did)出现,宾语是-thing时,不定式符号to省略。如:

④The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.

②The child did nothing except crt.

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