Module 3 The Violence of Nature

高考词汇

cause vt. 引起；导致

ruin vt. 毁坏

erupt vt. （火山的）爆发；喷发

experience vt. 经历

bury vt. 埋葬

strike vt. & n. （struck； struck/stricken）（雷电、

暴风雨等）袭击

occur vi. 发生

possibility n. 可能；可能性

furniture n. 家具

flood n. 洪水

feather n. 羽毛

fur n. （动物的）皮毛

wave n. 波浪

ash n. 灰

damage n. & vt. 损失；损害

earthquake n. 地震

disaster n. 灾难

hurricane n. 飓风

lightning n. 闪电

thunderstorm n. 雷暴

tornado n. 龙卷风

eruption n. （火山的）爆发；喷发

volcano n. 火山

active adj. 积极的；活跃的

worldwide adj. 全世界的

violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的

previous adj. 以前的

terrifying adj. 吓人的；可怕的

luckily adv. 幸运地；幸亏

thankfully adv. 感激地；满怀感谢地

hopefully adv. 满怀希望地；有希望地

sadly adv. 伤心地；不幸地

fortunately adv. 幸运地；幸亏

常用短语

pick up 卷起；掀起

take off 去掉

on average 平均起来

end up 结果为……；以……结束

set fire to 放火（焚烧）……

catch fire 着火

put out 扑灭（火）

take place 发生

in all 总共；总计

continue to do sth 继续做某事

pour down 流下；（雨）倾盆而下

manage to do sth 设法做成某事

lose one’s life 失去生命

a total of 总共

from side to side 从一边到另一边

拓展词汇

warning n. 警告

column n. 柱状物；柱状体

current n. 海流；潮流

latitude n. 纬度

equator n. 赤道

cemetery n. 墓地；公墓

coffin n. 棺材

lava n. 熔岩；岩浆

tropical adj. 热带的

rotating adj. 旋转的；循环的

tidal adj. 受潮水影响的；有涨落的

过渡词汇

manage vt. & vi. 设法做到

1. 学习过去完成时的被动语态。

By the time the tornado ended， more than 700 people had been killed.

Coghalm traveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texa.

2. 学习陈述句和一般疑问句变间接引语。

词汇短语园地

1. experience n. 经历；体验；感受；遭受

vt. 经历；通过亲身经历认识到；体验到

（1） vt. 经历；体验，后面常接名词或代词作宾语。

Have you ever experienced real hunger？

你体验过真正的饥饿吗？

Our country has experienced great changes in the past ten years.

在过去的十年里，我们的国家经历了巨大的变化。

（2） n. 经历；经历的事（可数）

a common experience 共同的经历

childhood experience 儿时的经历

I have an unusual experience.

我有一段不寻常的经历。

experience用作不可数名词时，意为“经验；体验”，其后常跟介词in。

She has no experience in cooking.

她没有下厨的经验。

I know it from experience. 我根据经验了解此事

（3） experienced有经验的；熟练的，常与in，at连用。

She has become quite experienced at/in teaching primary school students.

她教小学生已经很有经验了。

2. cause vt. 引起；导致；n. 原因；起因

The child’s headache may be caused by stress.

那孩子的头痛可能是压力引起的。

I’m sorry to have caused you so much inconvenience.

给你造成的诸多不便，我很抱歉。

These causes led to a bad result.

这些原因导致了不良的后果。

I don’t think you have cause to worry.

我认为你没有担心的理由。

比较：cause，excuse，reason的区别

（1） cause指造成某现象、某结果的直接原因，常与effect连用。

Can you tell me the cause and effect of it？

你能不能告诉我它的前因后果？

（2） excuse多指借口，用来推卸责任。

I will not listen to any excuse. 我不会听任何借口。

（3） reason指通情达理、合乎情理地解释某事或某现象的理由。

My reason is that the cost will be too high.

我的理由是费用会太高。

3. occur vi. 发生

I hope this won’t occur again.

我希望不要再发生这种事情。

比较：occur，take place，happen和break out的区别

（1） occur是比较正式的用语，可用于具体或抽象的事件，在表示具体的事件时，可与happen换用。

I’m afraid that this would occur during my absence.

= I’m afraid that this would happen during my absence.

恐怕这事会在我不在时发生。

但是，如果表示“某想法”出现在人的头脑之中，这时不能用happen代替。

Just then a bright idea occurred to me.

那时，我想到一个好主意。

（2） take place通常指某事按计划进行或发生。

The Olympic Games of 2012 will take place in London.

2012年奥运会将在伦敦举行。

（3） happen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。happen还可表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。

New things are happening all around us.

我们身边总有新鲜事发生。

It happened that I had no money on me.

我刚好没钱了。

（4） break out表示战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等的爆发。

A big fire broke out last night. 昨晚发生了一场火灾。

4. strike v. 打；击；撞；触（礁）；（钟）敲响；擦

（火柴；打动（常用被动）；感动；突然想到

strikeon the+身体部位，“打某人的某处”

A stone struck me on the head.

一块石头打中了我的头。

The boat struck on a rock.

小船触礁了。

strike a match 划火柴

The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country.

游客们被这乡村的美丽打动了。

A good idea struck the manager.

经理想到了一个好主意。

strike a blow 打……一拳；击中

strike against（碰）撞在上面

strike at 向……打去；袭去

strike down 把……打倒在地；打死

strike off 打掉；砍掉

5. possibility n. 可能；可能性

Is there any possibility that you’ll be back by the weekend？

周末以前你有可能回来吗？

There is one possibility of changing a job.

换工作是有可能的事。

6. damage n. & v. 损失；损害

It is estimated that the damage is over one million dollars. 据估计，损失超过了一百万美元。

The boys skirted the field so as not to damage the crops.

为了不损害庄稼，孩子们绕着田走。

比较：ruin，destroy，damage的区别

（1） destroy指“彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复”。

The school was completely destroyed by fire.

学校被大火彻底烧毁了。

All hopes of a peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.

和平解决的一切希望都被他的讲话毁灭了。

（2） damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等，不一定全部破坏，为不可数名词。

His heart was slightly damaged as a result of the disease.

由于疾病，他的心脏轻微受损。

They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.

他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。

（3） ruin现在多用于比喻中，泛指一般的“毁坏”。

You’ll ruin your chance of getting that job if you wear that shirt for the interview！

你如果穿那件衬衫面试，就会断送得到工作的机会！

7. warning n. 警告；警示；可引以为戒的事或人

（可数）；事前告诉（有某种危险）（不可数）

give（a） warning 发出警告；事前通知

The red light is a warning sign for stop.

红灯是警告停止行进的信号。

Let this be a warning to you.

希望这件事能成为你的警戒。

I had no warning of the danger.

我事先没有危险的警告。

worn v. 事前告诉（可能发生的事）；使警惕

warn against 让……提防……

warn about/of... 提醒、警告某人注意……

warn off 让不去；让别做

8. pick up 卷起；掀起；拾起；扶起（某人）；收

拾；（车船）中途搭（人）；学会

The boy picked up the hat for the old man.

男孩替老人拾起了帽子。

Grandma Li fell down onto the ground and I ran to pick her up at once.

李奶奶跌倒在地，我赶紧跑过去扶她。

You should pick up the tools after work.

工作结束后你应该把工具收拾好。

The bus picks up commuters at three stops.

公共汽车在三个站载送通勤者。

He is picking up the skills quickly.

他正在很快地掌握技术。

9. take off 去掉；脱掉；起飞；减去；取消；移开；

突然开始成功；开始走红；休假

Helen’s taking off her coat because it is too hot in the room.

海伦脱去上衣，因为屋里太热了。

The plane took off so smoothly that the passengers could hardly feel it.

飞机起飞得非常平稳，旅客几乎感觉不出来。

Your good news has taken a load off my mind.

你的好消息卸下了我心头的一块石头。

10. end up 结果为……；以……结束

If he carries on driving like that， he’ll end up dead.

他照那样开车，早晚得死于非命。

end up with和end up in都意为“以……结束”，with指以某种方式结束，in后跟的是结果。

If you do that， you’ll end up with egg on your face.

你要是做那件事，必将以耻辱告终。

If you continue to steal， you’ll end up in prison.

你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。

11. set fire to 放火（焚烧）；激起；使激愤

He set fire to his doormat to make the police take what he was saying more seriously.

他把门垫点燃，是为了让警察能把他说的当回事儿。

I believe the house was deliberately set fire to.

我认为有人蓄意放火烧这栋房子。

The conversation set fire to his dreams.

谈话激发了他的梦想。

Their action set fire to public opinion.

他们的行动引起了激烈的舆论。

12. catch fire 着火

She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress caught fire.

她站得离壁炉太近了，衣服烧着了。

His house caught fire last night.

昨晚他家失火了。

13. put out 扑灭（火）；熄灭；伸出

Put out the fire before going to bed.

睡觉之前先熄掉火。

It’s dangerous to put out your hand now.

现在你把手伸出去很危险。

14. in all 总共；总计

We are fifty in all.

我们总共五十人。

There are fifteen books on the first shelf， twenty-one on the second， which makes thirty-six in all.

书架的第一层有15本书，第二层有21本，总共是36本。

The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved.

―Victor Hugo

生活中最大的幸福是坚信有人爱我们。

――维克多・雨果（法国作家）

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

After an earthquake most survivors can be expected to recover over time， especially with the support of family and friends. Some families will be able to return to their normal life quickly， but others will have to contend with the destruction of their homes， medical problems， and injury to family members. Children especially will need time to recover from the loss of a loved one or a pet or from the closing down of their school.

Children often come to adults for information， comfort and help. Parents should try to remain calm， answer children’s questions honestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children’s behavior.

Children react differently to an earthquake depending on their ages， developmental levels and former experiences. Some will remain silent and not communicate with people， while others will have angry outbursts （爆发）. Parents should keep an eye on each child’s reactions. Parents should spend time talking to their children， letting them know that it’s OK to ask questions and to share their worries.

Although it may be hard to find time to have these talks， parents can use regular family meal times or bed times for them. They should answer questions shortly and honestly and be sure to ask their children for their opinions and ideas. Problems may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again. After talking about the earthquake with young children， parents might read their favorite story or have a relaxing family activity to help them calm down. Parents should also tell children they are safe and should spend more time with them. They could play games outside or read together indoors. Most importantly， be sure to tell them you love them.

1. What’s the passage mainly about？

A. What to do in an earthquake.

B. How to prepare before an earthquake happens.

C. How to face the loss of a loved one in an earthquake.

D. How to help children recover mentally from an earthquake.

2. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean？

A. Deal with. B. Make up.

C. Put off. D. Turn to.

3. What should parents do when children ask the same question again？

A. Take them out to play games.

B. Ask them to do some housework.

C. Read a favourite story to them.

D. Be patient and answer the question again.

4. What can we know from the passage？

A. All people will recover from an earthquake quickly.

B. Children react in the same way as adults do to an earthquake.

C. Children may need a longer time to recover after an earth-quake.

D. Children should turn to their classmates for help after an earthquake.

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

compose experience cause bury occur

furniture rotating feather disaster entertaining

1. What a frightful traffic ____ ！

2. I want some persons more ____ than Tom.

3. Do you know what ____ the fire？

4. It’s time to ____ our differences and be friends again.

5. When exactly did the incident ____ ？

6. It took all day to transport the ____ to the new apartment.

7. It can be used on ____ machinery and under water.

8. The wind lifts the soft ____ on the little duck’s head.

句子翻译

1. 大雨在这个地区造成了水灾。

2. 他脱下我的鞋子，让我在桌子旁坐下来。

3. 有一种可能，那就是这位老太太是被闪电击中的。

4. 你像那样开车最后总要进医院的。

单项选择

1. After the earthquake， we can see the ___ of the village.

A. ruin B. ruins

C. damage D. damages

2. The police found that the house ___ and a lot of things ___ .

A. has broken into； been stolen

B. had broken into； been stolen

C. has been broken into； stolen

D. had been broken into； stolen

3. What caused those apples ___ to the ground？

A. fall B. falling

C. to fall D. fell

4. Her tears ___ when Margret heard the bad news that her husband died in the battle.

A. flew B. flowed

C. occurred D. moved

5. Through the satellites， we can send and ___ messages.

A. pick up B. pick out

C. take up D. take in

6. The heavy rain poured down from the sky， ___ 70 deaths.

A. having caused B. caused

C. having been caused D. causing

7. If you want to get a rise in salary， you’d better ___ yourself in your work first.

A. strike B. bury

C. have D. concentrate

8. John ___ the thief ___ the nose before he could run away.

A. hit； in B. beat； at

C. hit； on D. struck； in

9. ― Are you for this plan， Jane？

― ___ . I’ll have to think it over.

A. It’s hard to say B. It’s possible

C. Of course not D. No， I won’t

10. Did it ever ___ to you that they might be punished for being late？

A. strike B. occur

C. happen D. appear

跟踪导练（二）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

sad violent ruin adopt terrifying

erupt strike earthquake previous observe

1. The boat sank in a（n） ____ storm in the sea.

2. The heavy rain ____ our holiday.

3. Have you had ____ working experience？

4. An active volcano may ____ at any time.

5. Unfortunately he was ____ by lightning.

6. Many people are still buried alive after the ____ .

7. The thought of dying slowly and painfully ____ us.

8. ____ ， the queen was very sick.

句子翻译

1. 平均每天有二十个男生出席。

2. 他们放火烧了房子，可我们把火扑灭了。

3. 那幢楼房昨天夜里起火了，现在还烧着。

4. 没人可以确定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。

单项选择

1. Encourage your children to try new things，but try not to ___ them too hard.

A. draw B. strike

C. pull D. push

2. At the end of the meeting， it was announced that an agreement ___ .

A. has been reached B. had been reached

C. has reached D. had reached

3. The new bridge ___ by the end of last month.

A. has been designed B. had been designed

C. was designed D. would be designed

4. ― How long ___ at this job ？

― Since 2006.

A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed

5. It is said that the early European playing-cards ___ for enter-tainment and education.

A. designed B. had designed

C. have been designed D. were designed

6. The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written； left B. were writing； left

C. had written； had left D. were writing； had left

7. With the government’s aid， those ___ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

A. affect B. affecting

C. affected D. were affected

8. It’s the third time you’ve been late this week and I won’t listen to any excuse you’ve ___ .

A. turned up B. made up

C. picked up D. come up

9. His mother arrived two hours previous ___ his arrival.

A. to B. with

C. by D. at

10. ― Is it all right if I keep this photo？

― ___ .

A. No， you don’t B. I’m afraid not

C. No， it shouldn’t D. Don’t keep it

完形填空

Paracutin was born in Mexico in February， 1943. At the end of one week Paracutin was 500 feet high， and it is now over 9，000 feet high. Today Paracutin is 1 .

What is Paracutin？ It was the first volcano in the world which was seen from its birth right up to the 2 day. One Saturday afternoon in February， 1943， a farmer in Mexico stopped working for a moment and looked 3 his fields of corn. Suddenly he saw a thin line of white smoke rising up out of his field， about 200 feet from where he stood. 4 he went toward the smoke to see what it was， he heard a strange 5 . The line of smoke became bigger.

The farmer rushed home to get his wife. While he was urging （催促） his wife to hurry from the house， the earth shook 6 . When he stood up after the earth 7 shaking， he looked across the field and saw that great fire was 8 from his corn field. A volcano was being born！

They hurried across the shaking earth to the 9 ， which was near their farm. They found the village was seriously destroyed and the road from the village filled with 10 people hurrying to safety.

Paracutin did not become 11 that night. The volcano lit up the sky for miles 12 . Flames rushed out of the ground. The volcano threw 13 stones a thousand feet through the air.Heavy black ashes fell from the sky， 14 roofs in Mexico City 180 miles away.

But that was } jQuery(document).ready(function () { ContentBigImageControl('zoom', 650); }) // monitor

1. Where did the two angels spend their first night？ （within 8 words）

2. Why were the farmer and his wife so sad the next morning？ （within 9 words）

3. Why didn’t the older angle help the rich family？ （within 10 words）

4. Why did the older angel let the cow die？ （within 9 words）

5. What were in the hole of the wall in the wealthy family？ （1 word）

跟踪导练（四）

阅读理解

First the ground shook in Haiti， then Chile and Turkey. The earthquakes kept coming hard and fast last year， causing people to wonder if something bad was happening underfoot. It’s not.

While it may seem as if there are more earthquakes occurring， there really aren’t. The problem is what’s happening above ground， not underground， experts say.

More people are moving into big cities that happen to be built in quake zones， and they’re rapidly putting up buildings that can’t withstand earthquakes， scientists believe.

And around-the-clock news report and better earthquake monitoring make it seem as if earthquakes are ever-present.

On average， there are 134 earthquakes a year that have a magnitude between 6.0 and 6.9， according to the US Geological Survey. Last year was off to a fast start with 40―more than in most years for that time period.

But that’s because the 8.8 quake in Chile generated a large number of strong aftershocks， and so many quakes early this year skews （扭曲） the picture， said Paul Earle， a US seismologist （地震学家）.

Also， it’s not the number of quakes， but their devastating （破坏性的） impacts that gain attention， with the death largely due to construction standards and crowding， Earle added. “Earthquakes don’t kill people， buildings do，” he said.

There have been more deaths over the past years from earthquakes， said University of Colorado geologist Roger Bilham. Bilham called for better construction standards in the world’s big cities.

Developing nations， where populations are growing， don’t pay attention to earthquake， Bilham said. “If you have a problem feeding yourself， you’re not really going to worry about earthquakes.”

Another reason quakes seem worse is that we’re paying attention more. The Haiti earthquake quickly followed by the 8.8 in Chile made everyone start to think.

But it won’t last， said US disaster researcher Deniis Mileti. “People are paying attention to the violent planet we’ve always lived on，” Mileti said. “Come back in another six months if there has been no earthquakes， most people will have forgotten it again.”

1. The main idea of the passage is the reasons why ___ .

A. earthquakes are so devastating.

B. the number of earthquakes increased last year.

C. earthquakes seemed to be more serious last year.

D. recent earthquakes have struck large cities.

2. Which of the following is the reason for the seeming increase in earthquakes？

A. Greater underground activity.

B. Around-the-clock news report.

C. Worse earthquake monitoring.

D. A larger number of huge buildings.

3. Which of the following statements is true？

A. There is an evil force below the world’s surface.

B. Large cities are always built in quake zones.

C. The earthquake in Chili caused many aftershocks.

D. More attention has been paid to the earthquakes in developing countries.

4. What can mainly cause the greater damage of earthquakes？

A. Large cities.

B. Larger earthquakes.

C. Not enough warnings about earthquakes.

D. Poor construction standards and overcrowding.

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

affect worldwide position active damage

fortunately warn movement cause feature

1. The radio gave a ____ of bad weather.

2. The Internet is a（n） ____ computer network.

3. She is wonderfully ____ for her age.

4. Most of the ____ was caused by your sister， who was to blame.

5. ____ ， the fire was discovered soon after it had started.

6. Scientists study the earthquake because it ____ our lives in many ways.

7. She was the quick-footed and energetic in all her ____ .

8. A heavy lorry broke down on the motorway， ____ long delays.

句子翻译

1. 这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。

2. 地震是地球上最有威力的事件之一，其后果可能是令人恐怖的。

3. 树叶被风卷起，在空中飘着。

4. 老妇人说城里发生了大变化，还修建了许多新学校。

单项选择

1. Why are you so anxious？ It isn’t your problem ___ .

A. on purpose B. in all

C. in total D. after all

2. The two exhibitions attracted ___ 14，495 visitors.

A. a total of B. on average

C. at all D. a number of

3. Tom had to have his car repaired because it ___ seriously.

A. damaged B. had damaged

C. was being damaged D. had been damaged

4. When the fireman arrived， the office building ___ for an hour.

A. had been on fire B. was on fire

C. had caught fire D. had been caught fire