浅析状语从句的省略

时间:2022-08-04 06:14:16

在地道的英文表达中,如果状语从句和主句的主语一致,往往会省略状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(be动词)或全部省略谓语,从而使语言更加简洁。但是同学们在遇到状语从句的省略情况时,常常理不清句子的成分。例如:

While walking the dog, he was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

这是由while引导的时间状语从句,从句中省略了与主句相同的主语you,和谓语中的are,保留了一部分谓语,变成了连词+分词的结构。此句可还原为:

While (you are) walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

下面结合例题,对常见的状语从句的省略现象进行归纳。

一、时间状语从句中的省略

1. 在when,while,whenever,once引导的时间状语从句中,主从句的主语一致时,可以省略相同的主语和be动词。

例1 Such knowledge is still useful

to similar situations in other countries. (when)

这种知识仍然有用,当它被其他国家应用到相似情况下时。

答案 when (it is) applied

解析 这题完成句子的题中缺少一个时间状语从句,并且主从句的主语一致,从句中有be动词,所以答案是两个:when applied或when it is applied.

例2 When different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A. compared B. being compared

C. comparing D. having compared

答案 C

解析 这是个省略句,可以还原成When we are comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities。主从句主语一致,省略相同的主语we和be动词are,变成了When comparing different cultures,所以选C。

2. 有时候when和whenever引导的从句中还可以省掉it is结构,尽管主从句的主语不一致。

Whenever (it is) possible, you should come and help.

不管什么时候只要有可能,你就来帮忙。

You should let us know the result when (it is) necessary.

在必要的时候, 你应让我们知道结果。

二、地点状语从句中的省略

在where(ver)地点状语从句的省略中,不用考虑主从句的主语,it is常被省略。

Lay these boxes where(it is)possible you can find them easily.

把这些盒子放在你可能容易找到的地方。

Put in words wherever(it is)necessary in the following passages.

在下列文章中需要的地方填入单词。

三、条件状语从句中的省略

在if和unless引导的条件状语从句中,主从句一致时,省略相同的主语和be动词;有时候if也用于固定句型if necessary,if possible,if true,if anyone等(省略了it is)。

If (it is) necessary, ring me.

如果有必要,给我打电话。

There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him.

很少有人能记起他。

Unless (you are) invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

除非邀请你发言,否则开会时该保持沉默。

四、让步状语从句中的省略

在though,although,even if,even though引导的让步状语从句中,若从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be时,常省略从句的主语和be。

例3 Though money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of

C. lacking D. lacked in

答案 C

解析 lack是个及物动词,常用于lack something 这个结构;though引导的让步状语从句使用了省略句式,可还原为Though (they are) lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university,所以选择C。

五、方式状语从句中的省略

如果as if/as though引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if?后就只剩下不定式、名词、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。例如:

He acts as if (he was) a fool.

他的行为举止好像是个傻子。

She talked to the stranger as if (she was ) angry.

她和陌生人谈话似乎很生气。

He looked here and there as if (he was) in search of something important.

他四处张望,仿佛要找一件什么重要的东西。

The boy lay there as if (he was) sleeping.

这男孩躺在那,似乎在睡觉。

Mary is rolling on the ground as if (she is) hurt badly.

玛丽在操场上打着滚,她似乎伤得很重。

He moved his lips as if (he was going) to speak.

他的嘴动着仿佛要说什么。

1. Unless , the machine is of no use. (repair)

除非修理,否则这个机器是没有用的。

2. While , I heard someone crying for help. (do)

做作业时,我听到有人喊救命。

3. A girl stood at the gate of the school as if . (talk)

一个女孩站在学校门口,似乎在和老师说话。

4. When to a certain degree, water can change into vapor quickly. (heat)

水加热到一定温度时,能迅速变成水蒸气。

5. He is a good man, though sometimes . (Stubborn)

他真是个好人,尽管有时有点固执。

1. (it is) repaired

2. (I was) doing my homework

3. talking with the teacher

4. (it is) heated

5. (he is) a little stubborn

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