右室长轴应变对心脏再同步化治疗效果的预测价值

时间:2022-07-01 05:49:51

右室长轴应变对心脏再同步化治疗效果的预测价值

[摘要] 目的 评价右室收缩功能对心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)效果的预测价值。 方法 选取2010年1月~2014年12月因心功能不全在总医院植入CRT的患者65例。收集患者术前和术后6个月的临床资料和超声心动图指标,反映右室功能的指标包括右室收缩期长轴峰值应变(RVSLS)、右室面积变化分数(RVFAC)、三尖瓣瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)。按照CRT的超声反应将患者分为CRT治疗反应组和CRT治疗无反应组,比较两组的临床资料,分析患者右室收缩功能与CRT治疗效果的相关性,通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析得出指标的界值、灵敏度和特异度。 结果 65例患者中最终纳入60例,其中CRT治疗反应组38例(63%),治疗无反应组22例(37%)。RVSLS、RVFAC、TAPSE与CRT治疗效果有关(P < 0.01)。多变量Logistic回归模型及ROC结果显示:RVSLS可作为最有效预测指标(OR = 3.55,95%CI:2.34~5.47,P < 0.01),界值为RVSLS>17%,灵敏度为78.8%,特异度为76.3%。 结论 右室收缩功能可作为CRT效果的预测因子。

[关键词] 心脏再同步化治疗;心力衰竭;超声心动图;心肌

[中图分类号] R542.22 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)03(b)-0064-04

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the predictive value of right ventricular systoliclongitudinal strainare on effect of reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods From January 2010 to December 2014, in Chinese PLA General Hospital, 65 heart failure patients with CRT were selected. Echocardiographic and clinical data before implantation and 6 months after implantation were collected, reflecting right ventricular function index including RVSLS, RVFAC, TAPSE. Patients were divided into CRT response group and CRT non-response group according to echocardiographic response, the clinical data of two groups were compared, the correlation between right ventricular contractility and CRT effect, cut-off level, sensitivity and specificity were got by ROC. Results In 65 patients, 60 cases were intaken, 38 cases (63%) were in CRT response group, 22 cases (37%) were in CRT non-response group. RVSLS, RVFAC, TAPSE had correlation with CRT effect (P < 0.01). Multiple Logistic analysis and ROC result identified that RVSLS was as the independent predictor of reverse remodeling (OR = 3.55, 95%CI: 2.34-5.47, P < 0.01), cut off values was RVSLS>17%, sensitivity was 78.8%, and specificity was 76.3%. Conclusion Right ventricular systolic function can be as predictor of CRT effect.

[Key words] Cardiac resynchronization therapy; Heart failure; Echocardiography; Myocardium

心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)是目前难治性心力衰竭的治疗手段之一,CRT是指通过植入右室及左室电极,同时起搏左、右心室,通过多部位起搏恢复左、右心室同步收缩,从而改善心衰患者房室间、心室间和心室内失同步性,可减轻二尖瓣反流,逆转心室重构,缓解心衰症状,降低病死率[1]。目前指南更新了CRT的入选标准,将CRT的Ⅰ类适应证拓展至轻度心功能不全的患者。其Ⅰ类适应证为:最佳药物治疗基础上纽约心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,左室射血分数(LVEF)150 ms,窦性心律的中重度心衰患者需植入CRT,适应证拓宽后将有更多的心衰患者得到CRT治疗。仍有近30%接受CRT治疗的患者不能从中获益[2],探求更有效的筛选指标是需要面对和解决的问题。心衰患者左室功能水平与CRT治疗预后密切相关[3]。近年研究表明右室收缩功能水平也是终末期心衰患者预后的独立预测因子[4],右室收缩功能不全患者对CRT治疗的反应性可能也较差。但目前利用右心室评价指标用于评价CRT预后的临床研究较少,这也是本研究的出发点:研究应用速度向量成像技术(velocity vector imaging,VVI)对心衰患者右心室收缩形变进行评估,以探究右心室长应变对CRT治疗效果的预测价值

CRT治疗效果受患者右室功能水平的影响,慢性心力衰竭患者,随着病情进展会出现肺动脉压升高,最终导致右心的后负荷增加[14]。左心室扩大、心肌相对供血不足、传导阻滞等因素使室间隔收缩功能下降,导致右心室各节段收缩不同步,影响右心输出量[15]。前后负荷增加可导致右心室扩大,心肌纤维化,心肌收缩力下降[16]。有学者指出:随右室心肌纤维化程度增加,右室长轴应变降低[9]。尽管CRT改善了左室的收缩功能,但由于右心衰竭也不能增加心输出量,患者症状难以得到缓解[17]。同时右心衰竭也会引起机体神经内分泌系统的变化,可导致液体潴留和左室重构,从而影响患者CRT治疗的反应性[18]。

本研究利用速度向量成像技术对患者右室功能进行评估,期望找到预测CRT治疗反应性的可行方法以应用于临床,为慢性晚期心力衰竭患者的治疗决策提出有效合理的指导性建议,使更多患者从CRT中获益,降低晚期心衰患者的再住院率和总医疗花费,提高社会经济效益。

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(收稿日期:2015-12-02 本文编辑:苏 畅)

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