名词、冠词考点归纳与训练

时间:2022-06-24 09:50:36

【前言】名词、冠词考点归纳与训练由文秘帮小编整理而成,但愿对你的学习工作带来帮助。选项中的几个名词意思大致相同或比较接近,但是各个词之间有着细微差别或者在用法上完全不同。 [典例1]The accident caused some to my car, but its nothing serious. (2013年辽宁卷) A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage [解析]D。句意为:这次事故对我的车造成...

名词、冠词考点归纳与训练

专题导航

2013年高考考查名词时主要还是考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配,如湖北卷、江苏卷、江西卷、辽宁卷、天津卷和浙江卷等。另外,名词的数和主谓一致也有所涉及,如福建卷、湖南卷和江苏卷等。名词的属格和名词作定语也应引起考生注意。高考对冠词的考查则主要集中在不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法、与名词的固定搭配和零冠词的使用上。

考点一:名词词义辨析和习惯搭配

此类题主要考查名词同义词、近义词的辨析,词形相似而意义相异的名词辨析以及习惯搭配。这就要求在平时的学习中,必须要重视词义及词义辨析,收集大量的语言实例,反复记忆,用心领悟,掌握好名词近义词之间的细微区别,另外做题时还要充分挖掘语境的内在要求。

1.同义词、近义词辨析

选项中的几个名词意思大致相同或比较接近,但是各个词之间有着细微差别或者在用法上完全不同。

[典例1]The accident caused some to my car, but its nothing serious. (2013年辽宁卷)

A. harm

B. injury

C. ruin

D. damage

[解析]D。句意为:这次事故对我的车造成了一些损害,但是一点儿也不严重。harm表示“伤害”,通常构成短语“do harm toWW(…WW)”;injury表示“受伤”,指对人的伤害;ruin指“毁坏,损毁”,不可修复;damage表示“损坏”,可以修复。根据后面的“its nothing serious”可知,答案选D。

[典例2]At the meeting they discussed three different to the study of physics.

A. approaches

B. means

C. methods

D. ways

[解析]A。句意为:他们在会议上讨论了三种物理学习的方法。四个选项都表示“方式、方法”,但A项中的approach可以与介词to搭配,其他三个选项中,D项最容易错选,因为way可以与to do搭配,表示“做……的方法”,也可以与介词to搭配,表示“去……的路上”。

2. 词形相似而意义相异的名词辨析

选项中几个词在拼写上有类似之处,这类词在意义上往往差别较大。

[典例1]Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. (2013年湖北卷)

A. perspective

B. priority

C. participation

D. privilege

[解析]A。perspective“观点,看法;远景,景色;洞察力”;priority“优先,优先权;(时间,顺序上的)先,前;优先考虑的事”;participation“参加,参与;分享”;privilege“特权,权益,免责特权”。根据句意“以都市青年为视点的诗往往会展示出他们缺乏归宿感的这种焦虑。”可知应该选A。

[典例2]Before taking the medicine, youd better read the on the bottle carefully.

A. explanations

B. instructions

C. descriptions

D. introductions

[解析]B。句意为:在服药前,你最好仔细阅读瓶子上的说明书。instruction意为“说明,须知”,在正式场合指不可违背的命令,在一般场合,指知识性的指示或意见;explanation意为“解释,说明”,指通过实例进行解释说明。description意为“描写”,指通过生动的语言描述某件事或某个情节;introduction意为“引导,介绍”,指对某种新产品进行介绍。根据句意应该选择B项。

3.习惯搭配

这类题主要考查名词与介词的搭配,以及动词与名词的搭配关系等。这些搭配主要是依据语法和惯用法,由于没有任何规律可言,在平时的复习中对一些常用名词的搭配要注意积累与总结归纳

[典例1]An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered a long lost antique Greek vase.(2013年湖北卷)

A. at random

B. by chance

C. in turn

D. on occasion

[解析]B。考查“介词+名词”短语辨析。at random“任意地,随便地”;by chance“偶然地,意外地;无意之中;碰巧”; in turn“依次; 轮流地”; on occasion“有时, 间或”。此处表示“偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古希腊花瓶”,故选B项。

[典例2]One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living .

A. bills

B. expenses

C. prices

D. charges

[解析]B。题干中动词cover和选项中expenses搭配,表示“足够支付生活费用”。

考点二:名词的数

名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。个体名词和集合名词一般是可数的,物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般是不可数的,但应注意具体名词抽象化和抽象名词具体化,这是高考考查的热点。

[典例1]Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development. (2013年江苏卷)

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

[解析]A。本句的主语为motivation,是不可数名词,故谓语动词为单数。根据语境及generally可知,描述的为一般情况,故使用一般现在时态,答案为A。

[典例2]The millionaire gained his by printing of famous writers.

A. wealth; work

B. wealths; works

C. wealths; work

D. wealth; works

[解析]D。句意为:那位百万富翁通过印刷名人作品赢得了他的财富。wealth意为“财富”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式;work在本句中意思是“作品”,应使用复数形式,故答案为D。

考点三:名词的格

名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系,其用法相当于一个形容词,有两种基本形式,其一是有生命的人或物,多用名词后加s构成,如:my parents bedroom;其二是无生命的东西(包括植物),多用介词of加名词构成,如:leaves of the tree。但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也用加“s”来构成所有格。如:todays newspaper, ten minutes walk, Chinas industry等。另外要注意,有时名词可以直接作定语,而不用其所有格形式,如:a shoe factory(一家鞋厂)等。

[典例1]The shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into car.

A. girls; Toms

B. girls; Toms

C. girls; Toms

D. girls; Toms

[解析]C。本题考查名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。复数名词的所有格直接在其后加“”;第二空表示Tom的汽车,故在其后加“s”。

[典例2] —Excuse me, where are offices?

—Over there.

A. teachers

B. teachers

C. the teachers

D. the teachers

[解析]D。D项的the teachers是复数名词的所有格形式,修饰复数中心词offices。C项the teachers是单数名词所有格形式,从语法上讲不符合上下文,并且从内容上讲单个老师拥有若干offices也讲不通,故排除。A、B两项前面均少了定冠词the,成了泛指的offices,无法达到交际的目的,因此也不选。

考点四:不定冠词的用法

1.不定冠词用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示泛指意义,含有“一”的意思。

[典例1]It was cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across night sky. (2013年山东卷)

A./;a

B. a; the

C. the; a

D. the; /

[解析]B。第一空泛指“一个寒冷的冬夜”,应用不定冠词a;第二空“夜空”,指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。

[典例2]There is small temple on the island, which can only be reached by water.

A.a; /

B.a; the

C.the; the

D.the; /

[解析]A。第一空泛指一座小庙,用不定冠词a;第二空考查短语by water,表示交通方式,意思是“由水路,乘船”,不用冠词。

2. 辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用a;元音音素开头的单数可数名词前用an。

[典例1]Mr White, who comes from European country, has formed habit of attending church on Sundays.

A. an;/; the

B. a; the; /

C. an; the; /

D. a; a; a

[解析]B。第一空表示来自一个欧洲国家,并且European是以辅音音素开头的词,应使用a;第二空特指去教堂礼拜的习惯,应使用定冠词the;第三空去教堂做礼拜,church是具体名词抽象化,其前不用冠词。

[典例2]I earned 10 dollars hour as supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

A. a; an

B. the; a

C. an; a

D. an; the

[解析]C。hour是以元音音素开头的可数名词,前面要加不定冠词an,表示“每小时”;不定冠词放在supermarket cashier前说明属于哪一类人。

3. 不定冠词a / an可用于具体化的抽象名词或物质名词前。

有一些抽象名词或物质名词在一定情况下,特别是有限制性定语修饰时,意义往往具体化,表示与之相关的具体的人或事,变为可数名词,其前要加不定冠词。

[典例1]—Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management?

—If you make most of the equipment, there will be rise in production.

A./;/

B. the;a

C. /;a

D. the;/

[解析]B。第一空考查短语中的冠词,解题关键是掌握短语make the most of,意为“充分利用”;第二空考查抽象名词具体化,a rise意为“一次提升”。

[典例2]I will never forget my teachers advice: “As long as you can affect life of your child in an active way, youve been success.”

A. /; the

B. a; /

C. a; the

D. the; a

[解析]D。第一空特指你孩子的生活;第二空抽象名词具体化,a success意为“一个成功的人”。

4. 不定冠词用于序数词之前,表示数量或序数的增加,意为“再一,又一”。

[典例1]First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to make first impression.

A. a; the

B. the; the

C. a; a

D. the; a

[解析]C。句意为:第一印象是最持久的。毕竟你永远不可能再有机会去给别人留一次第一印象。第一空表示“再一次,又一次”,序数词前用a;第二空用a表示泛指的概念。

[典例2]You made the same mistake for second time, dropping “n” in the word “government”.

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; an

D. a; an

[解析]D。第一空的序数词表示“又一,再一”,用a;字母“n”以元音音素开头,用an。

5.当most表示“非常”时,若其后形容词所修饰的名词为单数可数名词且表示泛指意义,那么其前应用不定冠词而不用定冠词。

[典例]—Which of the two poems do you like better?

— shorter one, of course. I think its really most interesting one.

A. A; the

B. The; a

C. The; the

D. A; a

[解析]B。第一空特指两首诗中较短的那一首,用“the+比较级”表示最高级意义;第二空泛指一首非常有趣的诗,此处most意为“很,非常”,相当于very。

6.不定冠词用在专有名词前表示“某一个”、“类似的一个”或某人的“一件作品”。

[典例1]I knew John Smith, but, of course, not famous one.

A. /;a

B. a;the

C. /;the

D. the;a

[解析]B。第一个空用在人名前,表示一个叫John Smith的人,第二个空表示特指。

[典例2]Experts think that recently discovered painting may be Picsso.

A. the;/

B. a;the

C. a;/

D. the;a

[解析]D。句意为:专家认为,最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。the painting特指最近发现的油画;a Picsso意为a Picssos painting,指毕加索的一件作品,有one的含义。

7. 世界上独一无二的事物前面通常加定冠词the,但是其前有修饰语时,应使用不定冠词。

[典例1]We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. the; a

D. the; the

[解析]A。sky和world都是表示世界上独一无二的专有名词,前面通常加定冠词,但是本题中两个名词前面都加了修饰语,应使用不定冠词。

[典例2]When spaceship Shenzhou V traveled in space, newlooking earth that Yang Liwei had never seen before appeared before him.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. / ; a

D. / ; the

[解析]B。第一空是特指,用the;earth, sun, world等前面一般用the,但受形容词修饰,表示“一个……的……”时,用不定冠词。

考点五:定冠词的用法

1. 定冠词the用在表“特指”的单数可数名词、复数名词或不可数名词前,指前面已经提到或说话双方都能体会到或明了的人或事,或有一定语境明确地限制其范围或确定其为某一具体的人或事物。

[典例1] The parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee. ( 2013年重庆卷)

A. a; /

B. the; /

C. the; an

D. a; an

[解析]C。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句,故应该表示特指;第二空意为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”,应使用不定冠词。

[典例2]At the end of the crosstalk, audience present in the hall burst into laughter.

A. an; the

B. the; a

C. an; /

D. the; /

[解析]D。第一空表示特指“在场的观众”,用定冠词the;第二空考查短语burst into laughter,不用冠词。

2. 定冠词the用于单数可数名词前,从整体上表示一类人或事物。

[典例1]As is known to all, tiger is in danger of dying out.

A. the;/

B. a;/

C. the; the

D. a; a

[解析]A。表示某个类属的整体用the;in danger(在危险中)是固定词组。

[典例2] panda is one of remaining endangered animals in the world.

A. The; the

B. A; a

C. The; a

D. 不填; the

[解析]A。第一个空用the表类属,是熊猫这类动物而区别于其他动物。第二个the特指是因为后面有后置定语修饰。

3. 定冠词用于形容词、副词最高级或序数词前。但当序数词不表顺序,而表示“再一”、“又一”时,应使用不定冠词。

[典例1]Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth century. (2013年陕西卷)

A. the; a

B. a; /

C. /; the

D. the; the

[解析]D。第一空指独一无二的事物用the;第二空为固定短语,表示在多少世纪需加定冠词。故答案为D。

[典例2]―Do you think Lesson Five is most difficult lesson?

―Yes. But it isnt most difficult lesson in Book Two, is it?

A. a; the

B. the; the

C. a; a

D. the; a

[解析]A。前句因为没有比较的范围,所以不是最高级,其中的most意为“非常”,表示“非常难的一课”,用不定冠词a;后句有比较的范围,most用以构成最高级,其前应使用定冠词the。

4.姓氏的复数前加定冠词表示“一家人”。

[典例1]— Could you tell me the way to Johnsons, please?

—Sorry, we dont have Johnson here in the village.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. /; the

D. the; /

[解析]B。姓氏的复数加定冠词表示“一家人”;不定冠词a可以用于专有名词前表示“某一个”或“一个叫……的人”。

[典例2]What wonderful time we had at Browns then!

A. a;/

B. a; the

C. /;the

D. the; the

[解析]B。a time表示“一段时间”; 姓氏的复数前加定冠词表示“一家人”,此处再加所有格,表示在某人家或某商铺。

5. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常加定冠词。

[典例1]As is known to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world. (2011年陕西卷)

A. the;/

B. /;the

C. the;the

D. /;/

[解析]C。第一空Peoples Republic of China是由普通名词构成的专有名词,其前应加定冠词;第二空形容词最高级前应使用定冠词。

[典例2]The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in Industrial Revolution.

A. /; /

B. the; /

C. the; the

D. a; the

[解析]C。本题考查冠词。题中“Industrial Revolution”是由普通名词构成的专有名词,因此要加定冠词。题中又特指了“cotton”发挥的作用,也要用定冠词。

考点六:零冠词和固定搭配

1.表示抽象泛指意义时,不可数名词和复数名词前应使用零冠词。

[典例1]—How about party?

—Cool! It was really great fun! Pity you werent there.

A. a; a

B. the; a

C. the; /

D. a; /

[解析]C。第一空用the表特指双方都知道的party,而fun是不可数名词,所以其前不用冠词,故正确答案为C。

[典例2]While income worry is rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face.

A. a;/

B. the; /

C. a; the

D. the; the

[解析]A。第一空泛指“一个普遍的问题”,用不定冠词a;第二空泛指老年父母,表示泛指意义的复数名词,其前不用冠词。

2. 抽象化的具体名词前使用零冠词。

[典例1]Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.

A. a; /

B. the; a

C. the; the

D. /; a

[解析]A。句意为:许多人已经开始认识到他们应该饮食平衡,每天腾出空来运动。room表示“空间,余地”时是抽象化的名词,其前不加冠词。

[典例2]The restaurant was on fire and the people burnt in the fire were taken to hospital.

A. the; /

B. /; /

C. the; the

D./; the

[解析]B。第一空考查固定短语be on fire,其前不用冠词;第二空hospital表明去医院治疗,是具体名词抽象化,其前不加冠词。

3. man意为“人类”,word意为“消息”时,其前使用零冠词。

[典例1]Animals are obviously lower form of life than man.(2013年江西卷)

A. a; /

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. /; /

[解析]A。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”,用不定冠词a;第二空man表示“人类”,不用冠词。故答案选A。

[典例2]The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.

A. /; the

B. a; the

C. /; /

D. a; /

[解析]D。第一空at a loss是固定短语,意思是“不知所措”;word 这里是“消息”的意思,为不可数名词,所以不加冠词。

4. 球类、三餐以及学科名词前通常使用零冠词。

[典例1]I had supper at my friends last Sunday and food was so delicious.

A. a; the

B. /;/

C. /;the

D. the;/

[解析]C。第一空在三餐前不用冠词;第二空特指“上个星期日在朋友家吃得食物”,故用定冠词the。

[典例2]She is newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

A. the; the

B. the; /

C. a; /

D. a; the

[解析]C。newcomer是可数名词,在此表示泛指“一个”,用不定冠词a;chemistry是学科名词,其前不加冠词。

5.表示独一无二的“头衔,职位,称号”的专有名词作表语、补语或同位语时,其前一般不加冠词。

[典例]Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George.

A. /; /

B. the; /

C. the; the

D. /; the

[解析]D。句意为:山姆已经被指定代替乔治的位子,担当工程部的经理。第一空表示“职位、头衔”,并且在句中作主语补足语,其前要使用零冠词;后一个空是固定搭配,take the place of意为“代替”。

巩固与提高:

1. The salesman said that thief was a young man with brown hair.

A. the; a

B. the; /

C. a; /

D. a; a

2. Nowadays, people usually think that if you enter a key university, you are your parents.

A. pride

B. luck

C. value

D. cheer

3. Toms and Johnscame to London last week.

A. fatherinlaw

B. fathersinlaw

C. fathersinlaws

D. fatherinlaws

4.There are ten teachers and two hundredstudents in the school.

A. women; girl

B. woman; girls

C. women; girls

D. woman; girl

5.Opinions of that kind are best kept to yourself, and not voice.

A. by public

B. in public

C. in a public

D. in the public

6. — Do you think an advertisement is help when you look for a job?

— Well, it depends. Anyway, it gives me more of chance to try.

A. a; a

B. /; /

C. the; the

D. a; the

7.Such men have madeby developing oil businesses.

A. great fortunes

B. a huge fortune

C. some huge fortune

D. a great fortune

8.Beijing well see in year 2020 will be quite different city from what it is now.

A. /; the; a

B. The; the; a

C. The; the; the

D. /; /; /

9. Mr. Jackson was made general manager of the company last week. Look, new manager is coming!

A. the; the

B. a; the

C. /; the

D. the; /

10. Airlines and hotels often offer to avoid the expense and lost money of an empty seat or hotel bed.

A. service

B. discounts

C. gifts

D. food

11. Mrs. Taylor has 8yearold daughter who has gift for painting —she has won two national prizes.

A. a; a

B. an; the

C. an; a

D. the; a

12. I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left city. I only remember it was Monday.

A.the; the

B. a; the

C. a; a

D. the; a

13. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport.

A. the; a

B. a; the

C. /;a

D. /;the

14. If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get fast one.

A.the; the

B. /; a

C. the; a

D. /;/

15. It was such a(n) when Pat and Mike met each other in Macao. Each thought that the other was still in Hong Kong.

A. fancy

B. incident

C. coincidence

D. destination

16. I broke my relationship with John because he always found with me.

A. error

B. mistake

C. fault

D. failure

17. She is the only one among the writers who short stories for children.

A. woman; writes

B. woman; write

C. women; write

D. women; writes

18. — Do you enjoy skating?

— Yes, skating on real ice is .

A. great funny

B. a great fun

C. of great fun

D. great funs

19. The shoes were covered with mud, so I asked her to take the mud off before she got into room.

A. boys; Johns

B. girls; Toms

C. boys; Johns

D. girls; Toms

20. On the wall is a photo of my mother who had black , but now she has some white .

A. hairs; hair

B. hair; hairs

C. hair; hair

D. hairs; hairs

21. — What would you like, sir?

— , please.

A. Two cups of teas

B. Two teas

C. Two cup of tea

D. Two cups tea

22. The airport is from my hometown.

A. two hours ride

B. two hours ride

C. two hour ride

D. two hours ride

23. will make a trip around the world during the coming year.

A. The Blacks

B. The Blacks

C. The Black

D. Blacks

24. — Isnt it getting dark earlier tonight?

— I think so. I see is on already.

A. the street light

B. the light of the street

C. the streets light

D. the light street

25.As a result of heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further.

A. news

B. knowledge

C. notice

D. message

26.—Your grandfather is always full of . Whats the secret?

—Playing Taiji every morning.

A. taste

B. energy

C. relief

D. credit

27. Shall we take short break? I want to make call.

A. the; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. a; a

28.The artist, whose early career was far from being success, is now widely recognized as master of painting.

A. /; a

B. /; the

C. a; a

D. a; the

29.If you grow up in large family, you are more likely to develop ability to get on well with others.

A. /; an; the

B. the; an; the

C. a; the; /

D. a; the; the

30.—What about shirt she bought for her father?

—Its wonderful as birthday present.

A. a; a

B. the; a

C. the; /

D. a; /

31.As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.

A. the;/

B. a; the

C./;a

D. the; a

32.Take your time — its just short distance from here to restaurant.

A. /;the

B. a; the

C. the; a

D./;a

33.Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

A. /;A

B. /;The

C. the; The

D. a; A

34. Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.

A./; the

B./;/

C. the; /

D. the; the

35.The “Chinese Dream” is dream to improve peoples wellbeing and dream of harmony, peace and development.

A. the; a

B. a; a

C. a; the

D. the; the

36.—What about concert you attended last night?

—To tell the truth, it was too boring, you know, concert like that.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. a; the

D. the; /

37. —Why not open the windows to let cool air in?

—Id rather you didnt. air in our town is terribly polluted.

A. a; The

B. /; The

C. /; /

D. the; /

38.At less than [WTHZ]$WT100 this smart and digital camera is good for money.

A. value

B. offer

C. price

D. currency

39. According to World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent spread of AIDS.

A. the; /

B. the; the

C. a; a

D. /; the

40. A teachers to education is worth great respect of the whole society because it brings benefits to the development of society.

A. devotion

B. principle

C. identity

D. guidance

HJ1.9mm答案与解析:

1. B。句意为:售货员说那个贼是一个留着一头棕发的年轻男子。“贼”是双方都知道的话题,是特指;头发是不可数名词,此处又没有修饰语,故不加冠词。

2. A。根据语境,现在人们认为,如果你能考入重点大学,你就是你父母的“骄傲”。

3.B。As and Bs 表示“A 和 B 各自的”,后面的可数名词要用复数形式;fatherinlaw 为复合名词,复合名词的复数形式通常是将其中的名词或主要的名词变为复数。

4.A。名词作定语时,通常用单数。但 man与woman作定语时,如果后面的名词是单数,这两个词也用单数,如果后面的名词是复数,这两个词也用复数,如:a man doctor, two men doctors 等。

5.B。in public“当众,公然”,为习惯用语,不与冠词连用。

6. A。此处help意为“帮手,助手”,是可数名词;第二空表示“一次”机会。

7.A。make a fortune 的意思是“发财,致富”,其中的 a fortune 有单复数的变化。此句的主语 men 为复数,故 fortune 也用复数。

8. B。专有名词前通常不加冠词,但表示特指时用the;第二空特指2020这一年,要加the;第三空用a表示“一座……的城市”。

9. C。表示某一团体独一无二头衔的名词在句中作同位语或补足语时,其前通常不加冠词;第二空表示特指刚刚提到的“这个新经理”,应加定冠词the。

10. B。根据句中的“to avoid the expense and lost money of an empty seat or hotel bed”可知,是航空公司和旅店提供的吸引旅客的“打折”服务。

11. C。句意为:泰勒夫人有一个八岁的女儿,在绘画方面很有天赋——她已经获得两次国内大奖了。有一个八岁的女儿是泛指,且8(eight)是以元音音素开头的,故用不定冠词an;“有……的天赋”用have a gift forWW(…WW)。

12. D。“月份、星期”的专有名词前通常不加冠词,但此处指的是具体的某一个“星期一”(Monday),因此用不定冠词;第一个空应该是说话者所熟悉的城市,表特指,应加定冠词。

13. B。Capital Airport是由普通名词构成的专有名词,其前须加定冠词;短语givea ride表示“让某人搭车”。

14. B。by train/planeWW(…WW)是习惯用法,表示交通工具的名词前不使用冠词;one作为替代词,其前可有自己的修饰语,表示泛指,须用不定冠词。

15. C。句意为:Pat和Mike在澳门相遇真是一个“巧合”。他们彼此都以为对方在香港。coincidence“巧合”;fancy“空想,想象”;incident“(政治性)事变,小事件”;destination“目的地”。

[HJ2.3mm]16. C。考查固定搭配。句意为:我跟John断绝关系了,因为他老是挑我的毛病。find fault with意思是“挑……的毛病”,其他名词构不成固定搭配。

17. D。考查名词作定语以及定语从句中的主谓一致。作定语的名词通常使用单数形式,但是man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,也使用复数形式。但是,当定语从句的先行词前有the only/very等修饰时,定语从句的谓语应使用单数形式。

18. C。考查可数名词和不可数名词的使用。fun为不可数名词,即使前面有形容词修饰也不能加冠词。

19. D。考查名词所有格形式作定语。根据题干后半部分的her可知应用单数名词;第二空表示“汤姆的房间”,故用Toms。

20. B。考查名词的可数与不可数。hair表示“头发”时为不可数名词,但表示具体的“几根白头发”时为可数名词。

21. B。考查名词的可数与不可数。tea表示“茶水”时不可数,但表示“一份两份茶”时为可数名词。A项应为two cups of tea,其中tea为不可数。另外coffee, beer等也有相同的用法,即two cups of coffee或two coffees。

22. B。考查时间名词的所有格作定语。英语中表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也用加“s”来构成所有格,当名词为复数形式时,只在“s”后加“”。

23. A。考查姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词表示“一家人”的用法。句意为:布莱克一家人明年要做环球旅行。

24. A。考查名词作定语。表示时间、地点、称呼等名词常直接用作定语,修饰另一名词。如:afternoon tea“下午茶”。另外,表示类别、用途、材料、功能、来源等的名词也常直接用作定语。如:government office“政府办公室”等。

25.C。句意为:由于大雪,高速公路已被关闭,何时开放另行通知。until further notice“直到另行通知”。news“消息,新闻”;knowledge“知识”;message“口信”。根据语境选择C项。

26.B。句意为:——你爷爷总是精力充沛,秘诀是什么?——每天早上打太极。taste“味道,鉴赏力”;energy“精力,活力”;relief“减轻,救济”;credit“信用,信誉”。

27.D。第一空考查固定短语take a break,故用不定冠词a;第二空泛指打一个电话。

28.C。第一空考查抽象名词具体化,此处a success意为“一个成功的人”;第二空泛指“一位绘画大师”。

29.C。第一空泛指一个大家庭;第二空特指与人相处的能力;第三空others泛指其他人,其前不用冠词。

30. B。第一空特指“她给她父亲买的那件衬衫”;第二空泛指“一件生日礼物”。

31. D。考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意为:当Jack走到前门时,看到了一个奇怪的景象。the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门,a strange sight是泛指,相当于a certain sight。

32. B。句意为:别急——从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。a short distance“很短的距离”,是固定搭配的短语;the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆,故用the特指。

33. A。句意为:校长Peter Spence告诉我们说,我校五分之一的学生将去牛津大学和剑桥大学学习。headmaster“校长”,职务前面不加冠词;a fifth表示“五分之一”。

34.C。play后接表示球类的名词时,不用冠词(如 play basketball);后接表示西洋乐器的名词时,则须用定冠词(如 play the violin)。listen to music表示“听音乐”,是固定短语。

35.B。根据句意“中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦”可知,两空都用不定冠词a,故答案选B。

36.B。第一空表特指昨天晚上你看得音乐会;第二空表泛指“一场音乐会”。

37.B。第一空泛指“凉爽的空气”;第二空特指“我们城市的空气”。

38.A。考查固定短语搭配。句子中be good value for money意思是“很划算,物有所值”。句意为:这款漂亮的数码相机真的物有所值哦,还不到一百元。

39.B. the World Health Organization “世界卫生组织”属于“the+普通名词”构成的专有名词;the spread of AIDS属于特指,表示AIDS的蔓延,of AIDS作定语,故spread前应加the。

40.A。句意为:老师对教育事业的贡献被整个社会给予了极大的尊重,原因是它推动了整个社会的发展。devotion“献身,奉献”,后面常接to;principle“原则,原理”;identity“身份,本身,本体”;guidance“指导,引导,领导”。根据题意应该是说老师对教育的奉献,故选A项。HJ

FL)WTHJ

LM

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