时态和语态重点、难点与热点解读
时间：2022-08-03 06:44:45
专题导航
动词时态为历年必考考点，一套高考题一般有1～2题考查动词时态。考得最多的时态是一般过去时和现在完成时。其次是一般现在时、过去进行时、过去完成时、现在进行时和现在完成进行时态等。高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应等。答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”尤其是其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的时间状语信息等。
动词语态为选考考点，近年考得较少。在近几年有关被动语态的考题中，主要涉及七种时态的被动语态，其中以一般现在时、现在完成时和进行时态考得最多。命题人常常把被动语态和动词的时态结合起来考查。考生在备考时一定要熟记各种时态的被动语态的构成。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be表现出来。做题时，首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。
重点一：现在完成时态
现在完成时是最重要的一种时态。现在完成时主要用于：
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
3.在时间或条件从句中表示在将来某个时间之前要完成某个动作。例如：
①Have you ever been to the West Lake？ 你曾经去过西湖吗？
②I havent met her since then. 从那以后我再也没有见过她。
③Ill return the magazine to you as soon as I have finished it. 我看完后就把杂志还给你。
重点提示：
1.现在完成时常常有比较固定的“标志词”，如so far， recently， lately， ever， forWW（…WW） ， sinceWW（…WW）， by now， this week， today， this morning， for the last few days， over a long time， yet， already， just等时间状语常与现在完成时态连用。有些句型通常也用现在完成时态。例如：
①This is the first time that I have surfed the net.这是我第一次上网。
②This is the best cellphone that I have ever bought. 这是我买过的最好的手机。
2.瞬间动词（如come， leave， die， buy， marry， join， fall等）用于完成时，表示一个动作的结束，它不表示动作的持续状态，不能和段时间状语（如 for a year， since 1990等）连用。如与段时间状语连用，句中的动词应用持续性动词或表示状态的动词。例如：
①He has been here for five days. 他来这儿有五天了。
②How long have you had the car？ 你买这部小汽车有多久了？
[典例1]— Have you heard about the recent election？ （2013年湖南卷）
—Sure，itthe only thing on the news for the last three days.
A. would be
B. is
C. has been
D. will be
[解析]C。考查时态。时间信息for the last three days表明此处应用现在完成时态。句意：——你听说最近的选举情况了吗？ ——当然，这是近三天来的唯一新闻。
[典例2]—You look excited！
—I the expensive dictionary that I left in the library yesterday.
A. am finding
B. found
C. have found
D. had found
[解析]C。考查时态。根据第一句可以判断。答句应用现在完成时强调对现在的影响（我现在还感到很兴奋）。此题受后面一般过去时态（I left）的影响易误选B项。要注意体会语境含义。
重点二：一般过去时态
一般过去时主要表示在过去某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。例如：
①Jim sent a letter yesterday. Jim昨天寄了封信。
②She told me she wouldnt leave until you came back. 她告诉我在你回来以前她是不会离开的。
重点提示：
要注意一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。现在完成时表示某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，因此不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去发生过某事，和现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。试比较：
①He has lost the key. 他把钥匙丢了。（现在没有了）
②He lost the key. 他把钥匙丢了。（现在可能找到了，也可能没找到）
[典例1]I didnt think Id like the movie， but actually it pretty good. （2013年山东卷）
A. has been
B. was
C. had been
D. would be
[解析]B。考查动词时态。根据句意及句中的“I didnt ”可知，此处指的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态。
[典例2]— How long has Mr. Jackson lived here？
— Its 15 years since he in the town.
A. settles
B. is settling
C. settled
D. will be settling
[解析]C。考查时态。在“it is + 一段时间 + since从句中”，从句谓语用一般过去时。句意：——Jackson先生在这里住了多长时间了？ ——他到镇里定居已有15年了。
重点三：现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和进行时态的被动语态形式
动词语态是表示主语与动词所表示的动作之间关系的一种动词形式。动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语动词的形式叫主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be表现出来。含有情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。以build为例：（SDXD；NBHDFG2，FK4*3，K6*8，K6*8，K6*8F
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态BHDG4，FK4*3，K6*8ZQ，K6*8ZQ，K6*8ZQ*8F
现在
am/is/are built
am/is/are being built
has/have been builtBHDG4
过去
was/were built
was/were being built
had been builtBHDG5
将来
shall/will be built
will/shall have been builtBH
过去将来
should/would be built
Would/should have been builtBG）F
例如：
①These books are often borrowed by girls.女同学常借这些书。（一般现在时）
②When was the house built？ 这房子什么时候建的？（一般过去时）
③Another bridge will be built over the river.河上将再建一座桥。（一般将来时）
④The Three Gorge Dam is being built.三峡大坝正在建设之中。（现在进行时）
⑤He was being operated on at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候，她正在动手术。（过去进行时）
⑥Recently the price of TV sets has been cut. 近来电视机降价了。（现在完成时）
⑦He told me that the work had been finished. 他告诉我工作已完成了。（过去完成时）
⑧He said that the meeting would be held the next day.他说会议将在第二天举行。（过去将来时）
⑨The mistake youve made must be corrected at once. 你犯的错误必须马上改正。（含情态动词）
在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，其中以现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时态考得最多，为考点。
[典例1]If nothing ， the oceans will turn into fish deserts. （2013年湖南卷）
A. does
B. had been done
C. will do
D. is done
[解析]D。考查时态语态。此处用一般现在时表将来。因为do和nothing存在动宾关系，故用被动语态形式。句意：如果不采取措施，海洋将会变成鱼类沙漠。
[典例2]—May I use your computer？ My laptop .
—Of course.
A. was repairing
B. is being repaired
C. is repairing
D. is repaired
[解析]B。考查时态和语态。repair和laptop之间存在动宾关系，故此处用被动语态形式。从前一句可判断，我的手提电脑现在无法用，正在修理当中，故用现在进行时态。句意：——我可以用你的电脑吗？我的手提电脑现正在修理当中。 ——当然可以。
难点一：过去完成时态
过去完成时是考生难以掌握和理解的一种时态形式，是时态学习的难点。过去完成时是一种相对概念，是相对于过去某一时间或动作而言的。因此一定要在形式或意义上有明显的过去时间或动作作为参照标志。主要表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即动作或状态发生在“过去的过去”。常用于下列情形：
1.主语+过去完成时+ before 从句（从句用一般过去时）（SDXD；NBHDFG3，FK11*2，K11*2FJZ
先发生的动作或状态
后发生的动作或状态BHDG3，FK11*2ZQ，K11*2ZQ*8F
He had learned a little Japanese
before he went to Japan.BG）F
2.主语+过去完成时+ by 从句（从句用一般过去时）（SDXD；NBHDFG3，FK13ZQ，K10ZQFJZ
先发生的动作或状态
后发生的动作或状态BHD
They had lived here for nearly twenty years
by the time they left for Beijing.BH
Our company had produced more than 5000 cars
by the end of last month.BG）F
3.主语+过去完成时+ when 从句（从句用一般过去时）（SDXD；NBHDFG3，FK13ZQ*8，K10ZQ*8FJZ
先发生的动作或状态
后发生的动作或状态BHD
The film had been on for ten minutes
when I got to the cinema.BG）F
4.[JP4]主语+ told（said， knew， heard， thoughtWW（…WW）） +宾语从句（从句用过去完成时）[JP]（SDXD；NBHDFG3，FK11ZQ*8，K12ZQ*8FJZ
后发生的动作或状态
JZ先发生的动作或状态BHD
JZHe told me （that）
he had already bought that beautiful computer.BG）F
5.利用上下文暗示（SDXD；NBHDFG3，FK11ZQ*8，K12ZQ*8F
JZ后发生的动作或状态
JZ先发生的动作或状态BHD
I was very sad when she left，
we had been good friends since our childhood.BG）F
例如：
①He had taught English in a middle school for seven years before he went abroad.他去国外前曾在一所中学教过七年英语。
②Though he left here， he had won several prizes since he came to our company.虽然他已经离开了此地，但自从他来到我们公司，已经获过好几次奖了。
[典例1]He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all， he it for a very long time. （2013年辽宁卷）
A. has had
B. had had
C. has
D. had
[解析]B。考查动词时态。“拥有吉他”的动作先于“卖掉吉他”的动作，空白处的动作发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。句意：当他卖掉吉他的时候他很不开心。毕竟他拥有这个吉他已有很长一段时间了。
[典例2]By the time he was admitted to Yale University， he two masters degrees at home.
A. received
B. had received
C. has received
D. will have received
[解析]B。考查时态。receive的动作先于be admitted的动作，故此处用过去完成时态。句意：到他被耶鲁大学录取的时候为止，他在国内已取得了两个硕士学位。
难点二：现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时的构成是“have/has been+ing分词”，主要用法如下：
1.表示动作从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在，可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。例如：
①How long have you been waiting here？ 你在这儿等了多久了？
②She has been working in that company since she graduated from college. 她大学毕业后一直在那家公司工作。
2.表示对重复动作的强烈感彩，例如：
①Hes been saying that at least ten times. 这话他已经说了至少10遍了。
②Youve been working too hard these days. 最近你工作太辛苦了。
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别是考查的重点，也是学生学习的难点。现在完成进行时主要强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时主要强调动作的完成性。例如：
①I have written five letters.我已写了五封信。（说明动作完成，强调完成性）
②I have been writing letters all the morning.我整个上午一直在写信。（说明动作还没完成，强调动作的延续性）
[典例1] The girl has a great interest in sport and badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. （2013年福建卷）
A. took
B. is taking
C. takes
D. has been taking
[解析]D。考查动词时态。over the last three years常与现在完成（进行时）连用，此处用现在完成进行时，强调反复的不间断的动作。句意：这个女孩酷爱运动，在过去的三年中她每周上两次羽毛球课。
[典例2]—Have a break， Amy. You playing the piano all the morning.
—OK， Mom. I will stop after this piece.
A. are practicing
B. have practiced
C. have been practicing
D. practiced
[解析]C。考查时态。此处强调动作还在进行当中，故用现在完成进行时态。句意：——Amy休息一会吧。你整个上午都在练习弹钢琴。——好的。弹完这首后我就停下来。
难点三：非谓语动词的被动形式
高考重点考查动名词和不定式的被动形式。找准非谓语动词的逻辑主语是做题的关键。例如：
①The girl is afraid of being scolded by her mother.这个女孩害怕被母亲责备。（动名词scold 和它的逻辑主语the girl之间存在被动关系）
②The book seems to have been published last year. 这本书好像已经在去年出版了。（不定式publish和它的逻辑主语 the book之间存在被动关系）
[典例1] The airport next year will help promote tourism in this area. （2013年四川卷）
A. being completed
B. to be completed
C. completed
D. having been completed
[解析]B。考查非谓语动词。不定式在此作定语，修饰the airport。此处表示将要发生的动作，且它与所修饰的名词the airport之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动式。句意：明年即将竣工的机场将有助于推动该地区旅游业的发展。
[典例2] among the crowd by Mike， her net friend， she was wearing a bright blue skirt in particular.
A. Recognized
B. To be recognized
C. To recognize
D. Having been recognized
[解析]B。考查非谓语动词。用不定式表目的状语。动词recognize和she之间存在动宾关系，故不定式用被动语态形式。句意：为了在人群中被她的网友Mike认出来，她特意穿了一条非常明亮的蓝色裙子。
热点一：一般现在时态
一般现在时主要表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中，可用一般现在时表示将来的动作。例如：
①His father works on the farm. 他的父亲在农场工作。
②Even if it snows tomorrow， the performance wont be called off.即使明天下雪，演出也不会取消。
[典例1]Around two oclock every night， Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat us.（2013年湖南卷）
A. bothers
B. had bothered
C. would bother
D. bothered
[解析]A。考查时态。此处讲的是目前的情况，故用一般现在时态。句意：每天晚上大约2点的时候，Sue就会开始说梦话。这使我们很烦。
[典例2]— My computer broke down again yesterday.
—My computer is of the same brand as yours. But mine very well.
A. work
B. works
C. is working
D. worked
[解析]B。考查时态。此处强调平时的工作状态，故用一般现在时态。
热点二：现在/过去进行时态
现在进行时主要用于：
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定正在进行。
3.表示反复发生的动作。常与always， constantly， forever， all the time等连用，表示说话人的不满、愤怒、抱怨、赞赏等情感。例如：
①Go and see what is happening. 去看看发生了什么事情。
②Its said that hes writing a novel. 据说他在写一本小说。
③Shes constantly leaving things about. 她总是丢三落四。
④Hes always helping those in trouble. 他总是帮助有困难的人。
重点提示：
1.一些表示位置移动的动词，如come， go， leave， stay， start， take， arrive， move， close等也可以用进行时态表示将来的动作。例如：
He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天回来。
2.过去进行时的构成是“was/were+ing分词”。过去进行时与现在进行时的用法基本相同，只是助动词要用过去时形式。例如：
①What were you doing at 10 oclock last night？ 你昨晚10 点在干什么？
②The naughty boy was making trouble all the time. 那个淘气的男孩总是惹麻烦。
[典例1]— I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
— Im so sorry. But I my homework. （2013年湖南卷）
A. had done
B. was doing
C. would do
D. am doing
[解析]B。考查时态。此处讲过去某个时间正在发生的事情，故用过去进行时态。句意：——我不明白你为什么昨天下午没有去听讲座？——对不起。我当时正在做家庭作业。
[典例2]You such stupid mistakes. Im ashamed of you！
A. are always making
B. were always making
C. have always made
D. will always make
[解析]A。考查时态。always， often等频度副词与现在进行时连用表示一种强烈的情感。此处表示“不满”情绪。句意：你老是犯这么愚蠢的错误。我为你感到羞耻！
热点三：一般将来时
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：
①Ill be back in a minute. 我马上就回来。
②Hell tell you all you want to know when he comes back. 他回来后会把一切告诉你。
重点提示：一般将来时还有以下几种表达方法：
1.用be going to
⑴表示根据计划或安排要发生某事，例如：
Shes going to study abroad after graduation. 她打算毕业后去国外学习。
⑵表示根据某种迹象判断要发生某事，例如：
Its going to snow， I think. 我想天要下雪了。
2.用be to do 表示“按计划或安排做某事”。例如：
We are to have an English exam next week. 我们下周有个英语测试。
3.用be about to do，表示“即将发生某事”，不与明确的时间状语连用。例如：
Hurry up！ The bank is about to close. 快点，银行就要关门了。
4.过去将来时通常用于宾语从句中，表示从过去某个时候看将来要发生的动作。例如：
He said that he would visit the zoo the following day. 他说他第二天要去参观动物园。
[典例1]“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh， I president.” said the boy， with a smile. （2013年湖南卷）
A. have been
B. am
C. was
D. will be
[解析]D。考查时态。根据问话人说的“What do you want to be？”可知这是问将来的情况，故此处用一般将来时。句意：Crawford夫人问，“你将来想做什么？”这个男孩笑着说，“我想当总统。”
[典例2]— Mary looks so excited and happy.
— ， if you win the first prize.
A. So will you
B. So do you
C. So would you
D. So did you
[解析]A。考查时态和特殊句型。此处表示对将来情况的一种假设，故用一般将来时态。后面的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。句意：——Mary看起来很兴奋和高兴。——如果你得了一等奖，你也会这样的。
巩固与提高：
1. —Whats the matter with Philips？
—Something must have happened to him. He left home three hours ago， but at the party！
A. didnt arrive
B. isnt arriving
C. hadnt arrived
D. hasnt arrived
2. — Ted， will you go shopping with me this afternoon？
—I would like to， but my neighbor， a lovely girl， along with her friends， me to join them in building a snowman.
A.has invited
B. have invited
C. are inviting
D. is inviting
3. In China， employers to hire disabled workers at present.
A. are encouraged
B. encourage
C. were encouraged
D. encouraged
4. At the end of next year， a music festival in our school.
A. will be held
B. will hold
C. is held
D. was held
5. —Why do you look so puzzled？
—Oh， I over a most difficult maths problem.
A. thought
B. have thought
C. am thinking
D. think
6. —Mike， you very tired.
—Oh， I stayed up late， playing computer games last night.
A. look
B. looked
C. have looked
D. are looked
7. If this product does not give complete satisfaction， please return it to the manufacturer stating when it .
A. is purchased
B. will be purchased
C. purchases
D. has purchased
8. With the popularity of the Chinese language， China about 350 Confucius Colleges all over the world since 2004.
A. opens
B. opened
C. has opened
D. will open
9. You can examine the exhibits in the museum， but you to touch them.
A. dont allow
B. are not allowed
C. were not allowed
D. didnt not allow
10. —Professor Wang， shall I go to your office， asking for your advice about my article this afternoon？
—Dont come to my office this afternoon. I an experiment at that time.
A. will be doing
B. was doing
C. have done
D. am doing
11.A British man who said on Twitter that he would blow up an airport if his flight was delayed guilty of sending an offensive message over a public telecommunications network in a court last week.
A. found
B. was finding
C. is found
D. was found
12. His thick glasses suggest that he poor eyesight.
A. have
B. had
C. has
D. should have
13. —I expect the children will have a wonderful performance at tomorrows Christmas party.
—So do I. They hard in the past two weeks.
A.practised
B. had practised
C. have been practising
D. will practise
14. —My bike missing！
—I saw a tall man riding a red bike away five minutes ago.
A. went
B. has gone
C. had gone missing
D. will go
15. He that a hurricane was coming before he was killed in the flood.
A. was warned
B. had warned
C. had been warned
D. warned
16. —It is time to have sports. Lets go.
—Im sorry. But the class teacher asked me to work on the wall newspaper yesterday and I it.
A. didnt finish
B. dont finish
C. havent finished
D. hadnt finished
17. He is famous for inspiring people， and to make speeches in colleges.
A. is often invited
B. was often invited
C. often invites
D. often invited
18. —How do you find the end of the film last night？
—I dont find it surprising. Because I the novel of the same name before I saw the film.
A. read
B. have read
C. had read
D. was reading
19. —Have you moved into your new flat？
—No， I havent. It at present.
A. will be decorated
B. was decorated
C. is decorating
D. is being decorated
20. — I told you to bring a dictionary with you before the school was over.
—I am sorry， but this morning I was such a hurry that I forgot of that.
A. to remind
B. being reminded
C. to be reminded
D. reminding
21.In the past few centuries， the lighthouses along North Carolinas coast as signs of safety for travelers at sea.
A. was recognized
B. have recognized
C. recognized
D. have been recognized
22. Tom stopped to observe the girl， convinced that he her somewhere.
A. saw
B. has seen
C. had seen
D. would see
23. — Why not go to see the film called “This is it！” about Michael Jackson at the weekend？
—Oh， I it. It is just soso.
A. saw
B. have seen
C. will see
D. am seeing
24. — Why do you look so worried？
—My house last night. A lot of valuable things have been stolen.
A. has been broken into
B. broke into
C. was broken into
D. is broken into
25. Though all his friends criticized him， he insisted he nothing wrong.
A. had done
B. do
C. has done
D. could do
26. —Have a rest. You for a long time.
—No. I have to make up for the missing lessons when I was ill.
A. had read
B. have been reading
C. read
D. will read
27. —Dont move！ A bee on your collar.
—My God！
A. landed
B. is landing
C. was landing
D. lands
28. —Your photos ， Sir. Here you are.
—Thank you. Mm. The pictures look very good.
A. are developed
B. have been developed
C. were developed
D. will be developed
29. It remains how many senior citizens will actually benefit from this new plan.
A. to see
B. being seen
C. seen
D. to be seen
30. Everybody hopes for dignity and everybody dislikes .
A. to be laughed at
B. laughing at
C. being laughed at
D. to laugh at
答案与解析：
1.D。考查动词时态。用现在完成时，强调对现在的影响。
2. A。考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语是my neighbor， a lovely girl是my neighbor的同位语，故谓语动词用单数形式。因为强调动作对现在的影响，故用现在完成时态。
3. A。 考查时态和语态。encourage和employers之间存在动宾关系，用被动语态形式。根据时间状语at present可知此处用一般现在时态。
4. A。本题考查时态和语态。根据时间状语at the end of next year可知，此处应用一般将来时态。hold 和music festival存在动宾关系，故用被动语态形式。句意：在今年年底，我们学校将举办一个音乐节。
5. C。考查时态。前面的句意中look so puzzled表明“思考难题”正在进行当中，故答案选C。
6. A。考查时态。根据称呼语Mike可知此处讲目前的状态，故用一般现在时态。
7. A。考查被动语态。purchase和it存在动宾关系，故采用被动语态形式。此处讲一般性情况，故用一般现在时态。
[HJ2.3mm]8. C。本题考查时态。根据时间状语since 2004可知此处用现在完成时。句意：因为汉语在世界各地受到欢迎，自2004年以来中国已在全球建立了约350所孔子学院。
9.B。考查动词语态。allow和you之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态形式。根据语境，此处应用一般现在时态，故答案选B。句意：你可以观看博物馆里的展品，但你不可以用手摸。
10. A。考查时态。根据语境可知此处指将来某个时段正在发生的事情，故用将来进行时态。
11.D。考查时态语态。find 和man之间存在动宾关系，故find用被动语态形式。根据时间状语last week可知此处用一般过去时。句意：那位在微博上说，如果他的航班延误就炸毁机场的英国男子，上周因为通过公共电信网络传送犯罪信息而被法院认定有罪。
12. C。考查时态。suggest在此表示“表示，说明”， 后面宾语从句的谓语动词需要用陈述语气形式。根据语境，此处应用一般现在时态。句意：他戴着厚厚的眼镜，表明他视力不好。
13. C。考查时态。现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性。
14. B。考查时态。用现在完成时强调对现在状态的影响。
15.C。考查时态和语态。warn的动作发生在was killed之前，故warn用过去完成时态。He和warn之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态形式。句意：在他被洪水淹死之前，曾有人警告他风暴即将来临。
16. C。考查时态。强调动作对现在的影响，故用现在完成时态。
17. A。考查时态和语态。根据前一句可知，后面应用一般现在时态。he 和invite存在动宾关系，故用被动语态形式。句意：他口才好，经常被大学邀请去作演讲。
18. C。考查时态。read the novel 的动作发生在see the film动作之前，故此处应用过去完成时态。句意：——昨天晚上看的电影的结局你觉得怎么样？ ——我并不觉得这个结局令人吃惊。因为我在看电影前已看了同名小说。
19. D。此题考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，公寓正在装修之中，故用现在进行时的被动语态形式。句意为：——你搬到新公寓里去了吗？ ——还没有。目前公寓正在装修当中。
20. B。考查非谓语动词。forget doing sth表示“忘了曾做过某事”，很明显“提醒”已发生，故用动名词形式，而且I 和remind之间存在被动关系，故用动名词的被动语态形式。
21.D。考查时态和语态。recognize和the lighthouses存在动宾关系，故用被动语态形式。根据时间状语in the past few centuries可知此处应用现在完成时态。句意：过去的几个世纪，沿着北卡罗来纳州海滨的这些灯塔一直被海上的旅行者们认可为安全信号。
22. C。本题考查时态。根据句境可以判断see 的动作发生在stopped之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。句意：Tom停下来看着这个女孩，相信他曾经在什么地方见过她。
23. B。考查动词时态。从后面的评价可以判断，答话者已看过了这部电影，故用现在完成时态，强调对现在的影响。
24. C。考查时态和语态。My house和break into之间存在被动关系，根据时间状语last night可知应用一般过去时态的被动语态形式。
25. A。考查时态。insist意为“坚持认为”，后面的宾语从句应用陈述语气。根据语境可知此处应用过去完成时态。句意为：尽管所有的朋友都指责他，但他坚持认为自己没有做错事。
26. B。考查时态。根据Have a rest可知，讲话时“read”的动作还在进行当中，故用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续。
27. B。考查时态。表示动作正在进行之中，故用现在进行时态。句意：——不要乱动！一只蜜蜂正落在你的衣领上。——我的天呀！
28. B。考查语态。根据语境可以判断动作刚刚完成，故用现在完成时态。因为主语photos和动词develop之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态形式。
29. D。本题考查非谓语动词。remain后面要求接不定式作表语，逻辑主语it 和不定式see之间存在被动关系，故see用不定式的被动语态形式。句意：有多少老年人会从这个计划中实际受益还有待观察。
30. C。考查非谓语动词。dislike后面要求接动名词，且everybody和laugh at之间存在动宾关系，故用动名词的被动形式。句意：每一个人都希望得到尊严，没有人喜欢被人取笑。
FL）