否定词活用

1.no one，none和nothing

no one和none均可指人，前者常表泛指，后者强调有一定范围。例如How many students did you see in the classroom?其一定范围指的是学生，而不是其他人群，故只能回答“None.”。如果问Did you see anyone in the room?anyone显然表泛指，则应回答“No one.”。

nothing和none均可指物，同样前者表泛指，后者用于一定范围。例如How much water is there in the bottle？答案为“None.”。What’s in the room?答案为“Nothing.”。

2.not表示部分否定

not和all, both, every等词连用时均表示不完全否定。请看以下例句：

Not all the ants go out for food.并非所有的蚂蚁都外出觅食。

I don’t know all of them.我不全认识他们。

Not both sisters are clever.两姐妹并非都聪明。

I don’t like both of them.他们两我并不是都喜欢。

Not everyone likes music.并非人人都喜欢音乐。

Every person cannot be a writer.并非人人都能成为作家。

3.否定转移

在含有think, believe, suppose, imagine等词的复合句中，若宾语从句表示否定意义时，应将否定词移到主句谓语动词前，并要和助动词do连用。这种否定转移一般只用于现在时态。例如：

I don’t think his answer is correct.

He doesn’t believe that we can finish the work on time.

He thought I couldn’t look after myself because I was old.（主句是过去时）

I have often thought one shouldn’t only think of himself.（主句是现在完成时）

另外，在下列情况下，通常也不把从句中的否定词转换到主句中来。

①主句是疑问句时：Do you think the watch can’t be worth so much money?你认为这块表值不了这么多钱，是吗？

②think有助动词do强调时：I do think he hasn’t got married.我确实认为他还没有结婚。

③think与其他动词并列使用时：I think and hope that I won’t add any worries to my parents.我想并希望我不会给我父母亲增加任何忧虑。

④有副词修饰think时：I sometimes think I’m not fit for the job.我有时认为我不适合干这个工作。

4.not, no和but等词的连用

①not...but译作“不是……而是……”，表示对比之意，but作连词用。例如：He is not a musician, but an artist.

②no...but=only，表示“除了”，but是介词。例如：

No one but I saw him.=Only I saw him.

③cannot but意为“不得不，只好”，与only同义，后接动词原形。例如：

I cannot but help him.

I cannot but accept your order.

④not/no...without表示双重否定，实际上是一个表达强烈思想感情的肯定句。例如：

Fish can’t live without water.

There would be no New China without our Party.