江苏省中考英语完形填空题型分析及解题策略

完形填空是通过让学生填补短文所缺信息以考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力的题型。该题型是在一篇文章中抽掉若干个词汇或者短语，并给出四个备选项，其中三个为干扰项，一个为正确项，要求学生根据上下文的语境推断并选出被挖空的词汇或短语，使文章意思通顺，逻辑合理，语法正确。这种题型是中考常见的测试题型，也是目前全国各地中考必考题型。

一、 题型分析

1. 选文特点

综观2011年江苏各地中考英语试卷中的完形填空题，我们发现一个共同特点：素材选择坚持真实、地道、典型的原则，选材贴近学生生活实际，体现多样化，具有人文性、时代性和教育性。例如南通卷完形填空所选文章为一个关于“以德报怨”的故事以及由此引发的议论。文章以叙述为主，思路明确，结构完整，可读性强。文章内容易懂，又贴近学生生活，且与和谐的时代背景相吻合，思想品德教育的渗透和对英语水平的考查相得益彰。

2. 试题特点

试题设空密度均匀，在220个词左右的短文中，设空10到15格，平均设空密度为15—20个单词设一个空，而且一般首句不设空。设空以实词为主，虚词为辅；单词为主，短语为辅。

（1） 每题四个选项属于同一词类、相同的语言范畴。

（2） 选项大多是一个单词，避免对答案的明显暗示。少从语法意义选择，多从语义关系选择。

（3） 跨越句子层次的题占多数，即选项的答案大多要通过阅读段落或全文才能得到。以2011年中考苏州卷为例，属于句子层次的题目为7题，其余8题均需考虑到设空句以外的其他句，甚至从全文角度来考虑。

（4） 注意在语境中考查词义。完形填空题对词汇的考查一般不设置太大的障碍，选项所涉及的词汇80%左右出自初中教材，而且仅涉及基本意义和用法。在联系上下文的情况下，考生通常很容易便能将两个选项排除；剩下两项，只要对上下文再进行细致推敲，对词义再进行细微辨析，就能很快确定正确答案。“注重在语境中考查词义”这一命题特点，很好地反映了中考英语由重点测试语言形式转向重点测试语言意义的改革方向，反映了“强调应用，注重交际”的命题原则。

（5） 设空的特点。设空通常分为句子层次、句组层次或语篇层次。设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到语篇层次，依次递增。一般说来，三个层次的设空比例各占三分之一。试题的答案有的由已读过的上文决定，有的由未读过的下文决定，还有的要综合上下文而定。

综上所述，完形填空题有3个难点：一是4个备选项有很强的迷惑性和干扰性；二是句组层次和语篇层次设空所占的比例高，超过三分之二，尤其是语篇性设空所占的比例超过三分之一；三是后制性设空，尤其是语篇层次后制性设空，难度大。考生要逾越这些难点，不仅需要具备熟练扎实的词句知识，而且需要具备很强的阅读理解能力以及逻辑推理、判断分析的能力。从深层次来讲，还要具备良好的语言经验和自觉的语言意识。只有具备了这些综合素质，考生才能顺利“完形”。

二、 试题解析

(2011·扬州)完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，计15分。保留原题号。下同。）

阅读下列短文，从文后各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

Mark was walking home from school one day when he noticed a boy ahead of him had dropped all of the books he was carrying. Mark helped the boy pick them up. 16 they were going the same way, he carried them for the boy. As they walked, Mark knew the boys name was Bill. Mark 17 discovered that he loved computer games, baseball and history and that he was having a lot of 18 with his other subjects.

They arrived at Bills home first and Mark was invited in 19 Coke and to watch some television. The afternoon passed 20 with a few laughs and some shared small talk, and then Mark went home. They 21 to see each other around school, had lunch together once or twice and then 22 ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before they finished school, Bill asked Mark if they could have a talk.

Bill 23 him of the day years ago when they had first met. “Do you 24 wonder why I was carrying so many things home that day?” asked Bill. “You see, I 25 out my locker because I didnt want to leave a mess for anyone else. I had planned to 26 from home and I was going home to pack my things. But after we spent some time together 27 and laughing, I realized that 28 I had done that, I would have 29 a new friend and missed all the fun we would have together. So you see, Mark, when you picked up my books that day, you did a lot more. You 30 my life.”