新目标英语八年级(下)词语辨析(Units 5~6)

时间:2022-03-30 03:09:30

新目标英语八年级(下)词语辨析(Units 5~6)

1. job,work,task

三者都可用作名词,表示“工作”之意,但具体用法上有所区别。 work是个普通用词,作不可数名词用时,意为“工作、劳动”,指脑力或体力的“劳动”,也指为生活(报酬)而进行的“劳动”,它没有复数形式,不能说a work。 work作可数名词用时,意为“作品,著作”。可以说works,也可以说a work of art。 work还可以作动词用,意为“工作;运转”。例如:

I have a lot of work to do today. 今天我有好多工作要做。

I like Lu Xun’s works. 我喜欢鲁迅的作品。

job是可数名词,多指“临时工作、小工、包工或具体职业”。 job作职业讲时,相当于work。 例如:

She has a good job in a bank. 她在银行有一份好工作。

What is your job?你是干什么工作的?

Her job/work is a doctor. 她的职业是医生。

task是可数名词,意为“工作、任务”,指规定或指派的“工作或任务”,并要求按规定的时间完成。可以说a task。 例如:

They are difficult tasks. 这些都是艰难的工作。

It is quite a task. 这简直是一件难事。

Washing the dishes is a task. 洗碟子是个苦差事。

[练习] 用job,work或task填空:

(1) I want a well-paid(待遇优厚)____ .

(2) She has a____ at a children’s hospital.

(3) My father is at____ now.

(4) He was assigned the____ of painting the walls.

Key:(1) job (2) job (3) work (4) task

2. all the time,always

all the time和always都有“总是、一直”的意思。 all the time表示某一动作从开始一直持续到结束,主要强调“长久,不间断”,但不表示动作发生的频率,它通常位于句末。 always是个频度副词,表示动作的重复、状态的继续,中间无间断,它常位于be动词/助动词/情态动词之后,行为动词之前。 always与动词的进行时态连用,常常暗含说话人的某种感情(如赞扬、批评或厌烦等)。例如:

They are listening to the teacher carefully all the time. 他们一直在仔细地听老师讲课。

He is always helping us. 他总是帮助我们。

They are reading in their classroom all the time. 他们一直在教室里读书。

You are always giving me trouble. 你总是给我制造麻烦。

[练习] 用all the time或always填空:

(1) They are____ playing football on Sundays.

(2) The children are running and jumping____ ,talking and laughing.

(3) He____ comes to school late.

Key:(1) always (2) all the time (3) always

3. laugh,smile

laugh是个不及物动词,常指出声地“哈哈大笑”,laugh之笑不但伴有面部表情,而且还伴有身体的动作和声音。例如:

His joke made everyone laugh. 他讲的笑话使大家哈哈大笑。

smile用作不及物动词时,意为“微笑”,是一种面部略带笑容而又不出声的“笑”。它也可以用作及物动词,意为“以微笑表示”。例如:

Hearing the news she smiled. 听到这个消息,她笑了。

Tom smiled his thanks. 汤姆微微一笑表示谢意。

laugh和smile都可以与介词at连用,表示“嘲笑”的意思。例如:

Don’t laught at the old man. 不要嘲笑那位老人。

[练习] 用laugh或smile填空:

(1) The pretty girl gave me a sweet____ .

(2) It’s impolite to____ at the disabled in public.

(3) There is a____ on her face.

Key:(1) smile (2) laugh (3) smile

4. anyone,any one

anyone相当于anybody,意为“任何人”,只用于指人,后面不可跟 of短语,它可以在句中用作主语或宾语。作主语用时,谓语动词为单数形式。例如:

Is there anyone at home?家里有人吗?

any one意为“任何一个”,既可以指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语。 any one用作主语时,谓语动词为单数形式。例如:

You may take any one of these books. 你可以从这些书中随便拿一本。

Any one of us likes the film. 我们中的任何人都喜欢这部电影。

[练习] 用anyone或any one填空:

(1) You may tell____ of us about the exciting news.

(2)____ can do it well.

(3) I don’t know____ of the students.

(4) I didn’t see____ there.

Key:(1) any one (2) Anyone (3) any one (4) anyone

5. interesting,interested,interest

interesting为形容词,意为“有趣的、令人发生兴趣的”。一件事物或者一个人都可以“令人感兴趣”。它可用作定语和表语。用作定语时,既可修饰人,也可修饰物。用作表语时,它的主语通常是表示物的名词或代词。例如:

This story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。

I have an interesting story book for children. 我有一本有趣味的儿童故事书。

interested也是形容词,意为“感兴趣的”,只能是一个人对别的人或事物“感兴趣”。它常用于“be interested in”结构,意为“对……感兴趣”,其主语应该是表示人的名词或代词。例如:

Are you interested in English?你对英语感兴趣吗?

I am interested to hear your story. 我很想听你讲故事。

interest用作名词时,意为“兴趣、爱好”。 interest作及物动词时,意为“使……产生兴趣”,其宾语只能是人。例如:

He doesn’t have much interest in sports. 他对运动不怎么感兴趣。

I find no interest in such things. 我对这样的事情不感兴趣。

That book interested me greatly. 那本书深深地吸引了我。

[练习] 用interesting,interesled或interet填空:

(1) The computer game is____ and many children are____ in it.

(2) I was____ in the____ film last night.

(3) He has no____ in this kind of book.

(4) She told us an____ story.

Key:(1) interesting,interested (2) interested,interesting

(3) interest (4) interesting

6. quite,very,rather

这三个词都可用作副词,表示“很、相当、非常、确实、十分”之意,但它们的用法并不相同。

1) quite,rather可放在不定冠词a/an之前,当名词前面有形容词时,也可放在不定冠词之后,但含义略有不同,而very只能放在不定冠词之后。例如:

She is quite a girl. 她是一个了不起的女孩。

She is quite a nice girl. 她确实是个好姑娘。

She is a quite nice girl. 她是个非常好的姑娘。

It’s rather a day. 那是不平常的一天。

It’s rather a hot day. 那确实是个热天。

It’s a rather hot day. 那是非常热的一天。

I have a very beautiful bird. 我喂了一只非常漂亮的小鸟。

2) rather可修饰形容词或副词的比较级,但quite,very不能修饰比较级。例如:

It’s rather warmer today. 今天天气相当暖和。

3) 名词前面有another,a few等词语修饰时,可以用quite,但不能用very与之搭配。例如:

I have quite a few pens. 我有很多钢笔。

修饰动词时,只能用quite,而不能用very或rather。 例如:

I quite agree with you. 我非常同意你的意见。

4) very能与形容词最高级及own,first,last,sorry,much连用,而quite则不能。例如:

That is the very lowest price. 这是最低的价格。

I’m very sorry to hear that. 听到那个消息我感到很难过。

[练习] 用quite,very或rather填空:

(1) That’s____ an easy question. = That’s a____ easy question.

(2) The little girl is____ pretty.

(3) This question is____ easier.

(4) I____ like the weather here.

Key:(1) quite,very (2) very/quite/rather (3) rather (4) quite

7. certain,sure

二者都含“相信、确信、有把握”之意,一般情况下可互换使用。例如:

We are certain/sure of victory. 我们一定会胜利。

We are certain/sure that China will become stronger and stronger. 我们相信中国将变得越来越强大。

在使用这两个词时,有两点必须注意:

(1) “be sure + 从句”结构的主语必须是人,而“be certain + 从句”的主语可以是人,也可以用it作形式主语。例如:

We are certain/sure that he will get over his illness. 我们相信他的病会好的。

It is certain that he’ll win the game. 他肯定能赢得这场比赛。

(2) certain/sure后接动词不定式和后接of短语时,意思不同。后跟of短语时,表示句子主语“相信”,后接动词不定式时,表示别人“相信”句子的主语会怎么样。例如:

He is certain/sure of winning the race. 他自信自己会在赛跑中获胜。

He is certain/sure to win the race. (我们相信)他肯定会在赛跑中获胜。

[练习] 用certain或sure填空:

(1) It is____ that we can finish the work on time.

(2) Make____ when the train leaves.

(3) It’s____ that he’s wronged(冤枉) her.

(4) I’m not____ where I left my dictionary.

Key:(1) certain (2) certain/sure (3) certain (4) sure

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