头皮屑患者中马拉色菌感染的研究

【摘要】目的:探讨头皮屑中马拉色菌的带菌情况、菌种构成及马拉色菌感染与头皮屑严重性的关系。方法:采用Leeming和Notman培养基、Dixon培养基和含菜子油培养基分别同时培养232份的头皮屑，观察培养阳性率与头皮屑严重程度的关系，根据生理生化学及形态学特点鉴定菌种，并比较在这3种培养基中菌落初长时间及对菌种有无选择性。结果:232人中189人的头皮屑中分离到马拉色菌，阳性率为81.47％ ，培养阳性率与头皮屑的严重程度有正相关关系。3种培养基共分离到481株马拉色菌，从中鉴定出合轴马拉色菌、球形马拉色菌、限制马拉色菌、糠秕马拉色菌和钝形马拉色菌共5个种。3种培养基对菌种无选择性，但在含菜子油的培养基中菌落初长时间最短。分离到单一菌种的头皮屑标本有155份(66.81％)，分离到2种菌种的有24人(12.70％)，分离到3种菌种的有9人(14.94％)。结论：头皮屑中马拉色菌菌种检出率较高，优势菌种主要为合轴和球形马拉色菌，部分头皮屑患者存在2个、甚至3个马拉色菌种感染，头皮屑严重程度与马拉色菌感染密切相关。

【关键词】真菌；马拉色菌属；皮肤感染；头皮屑Isolation and Identification of Malassezia Species in the Dandruff patients

BAO Fu-Kai1，2， HU Xin-Guo1，LIU Ai-Hua2*， WU Zhi-Qing1， LI Bib-Xue2 (1.The Institute for Tropical Medicine，Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031；2. Huanya Cosmetic Technology of Guangzhou，Guangzhou510530)

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the distribution and the constitution of the Malassezia genus in the dandruff patients．Methods Each dandruf sample collected from 232 dandruff patients was divided into three parts and inoculated in Leeming and Notman medium, Dixon medium and the medium containing rapeseed oil．The yeasts obtained from the cultures were identified based on the biochemical, morphological characteristics, and molecular genotyping．The duration from inoculation of dandruff to the primary colony development of Malassezia genus and the species constitution of Malassezia were compared among above three media．The relationship between the severity of the dandruff and the rate of isolation of the Malassezia species was also studied． Results Among 228 samples，Malassezia was isolated from 189 persons’dandruff samples(81.47％)． There was a correlation between the positive rate of cultivation and the severity of dandruff. Totally 5 species were identified from 481 strains of the genus Malassezia obtained from three kinds of media mentioned above, Including M.sympodialis， M.globosa， M.restricta， M. furfur, and M. obtusa．No species differenee was noticed in the three kinds of culture media, but the colony of Malassezia grew faster in the medium containing rapeseed oil (average 5．95 days)than the other two media．Single species was isolated in three media from 155 dandruff samples(66.81％)，while two species were isolated from 34 samples (14.94％ )，and three species were isolated from 9 samples(4.76%)． Conclusion The major species of Malassezia in dandruf are M. sympodialis and M. globosa,Some patients are coinfected with 2, even 3 species of Malassezia. The severity of dandruff is positively associated with Malassezia infection.