6月四级写作真题解析

时间:2022-10-23 02:21:54

6月四级写作真题解析

2015年6月四级写作呈现出“新瓶装旧酒”的趋势,即写作话题与之前考过的真题有较大的重合度,但以不同的命题形式出现。本文将结合这次考试以及近几年的四级写作真题来分析四级写作的命题趋势,并为考生详细解析这次考试的真题,最后为参加12月份四级考试的考生提供一些备考建议。

命题趋势分析

2015年1月,四、六级考委会顺利完成换届工作,本次考试成为新一届考委会暨命题委员会成立后的首考,具有风向标般的指导意义。综合本次三套真题,我们可以看出四级作文的命题表现出两大特点:一是上面提到的“新瓶装旧酒”,二是“反押题”。

“新瓶装旧酒”这一点将在下面的“真题解析”部分详述,这里首先说说“反押题”的趋势。2012年6月之前的四级作文大部分以“英文提示+汉语提纲”的组合形式出现;2012年12月四级作文出人意料地考查全英文形式的图表作文;2013年6月和12月两次考查全英文形式的图画作文;2014年6月和12月两次考查全英文形式的情景作文;2015年6月再次出现全英文形式的图画作文。可以说,自2012年6月起,四级作文的命题形式一直在变,具有强烈的“反押题”趋势。

真题解析

以往的考试中也曾出现过与本次考试类似的写作话题,只是本次考试的形式和要求有所改变,也就是所谓的“新瓶装旧酒”。具体分析如下。

真题一

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and comment on parents’ role in their children’s growth. You should write at least 120 but no more than 180 words.

简析:这道题的写作话题与2010年12月四级写作的话题“How Should Parents Help Kids to Be Independent?”十分类似,都是关于家长在孩子成长中扮演的角色问题。不过2010年12月的考题给了三个汉语提纲,本次考试则没有给出提纲,且整道题以全英文的形式出现。

考生首先要注意审题,全英文形式的作文审题应关注三个方面:①体裁―essay (议论文);②话题―parents’ role in their children’s growth (父母在孩子成长中扮演的角色);③内容要求―a brief description of the picture and comment (对图片进行简单描述并评论)。值得一提的是,本次考试的题目不要求写作文标题,因此考生没写标题也不会被扣分。针对“父母在孩子成长中的作用”这个话题,考生需要结合图画的信息来做出正面或负面的评论。

笔者在阅卷过程中发现不少考生出现偏题、跑题的现象,这说明这些考生的写作思路比较混乱。笔者建议考生围绕“主题―相关人/物―社会群体―素质意识”这条线展开写作,确保所写的内容切题。以这道真题为例,在首段进行图画描述时,考生应写到主题涉及的相关人,即“父母”与“孩子”,然后写到相关物,具体可为“消息内容”“母女心态”等;在第二、三两段进行评论时,考生则可以根据图画的内容联系现实,写社会群体中存在此类现象并论述其利或弊,最后再指出培养孩子独立性这一素质或意识的重要性并提出相应的建议。

范文:This is a simple but enlightening cartoon: A youngster informs her mother of a good piece of news, “Good news mom! I was accepted by the college of your choice.” Apparently, the girl’s mother is exceedingly delighted to hear this piece of news.

Though parents can offer support to their kids for their success, it is not advisable for parents to be overprotective. In contemporary society, it has become a trend for a host of young people to excessively depend on their parents. Meanwhile, an increasing number of teenagers find it quite comfortable to be indulged by their parents. A case in point is the girl in the picture. However, it is the parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate independence and competence to face society on their own.

As a college student, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to grow by learning to make choices independently. Do bear this in mind: Parents cannot make choices for kids for the rest of their lives.

点评:范文的首段首句摒弃阅卷中多数考生所写的“As is vividly described/depicted … ”或“From the picture, we can see … ”这两种结构,以简单清晰的介绍开篇,然后再结合图画内容进行描述。第二段首句则直接点明主题,指出父母不应该过分保护自己的孩子;第二至四句则重在从描述现象、孩子对这种保护的反应以及举例等角度来进一步将图画与现实结合;第五句则使用强调句式指出这种现象的危害。而尾段则联系自身提出建议并发起号召。

此外,这个范文多处选用书面表达来替换口头表达或考生作文中反复用到的陈旧表达。比如,用it is not advisable for parents to替换parents should not,用an increasing number of替换more and more,用a case in point替换for example,用I am convinced that替换I think that,用it is of great necessity替换it is very necessary等。

真题二

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 but no more than 180 words.

简析:图片描述的是人们“工作、生活、娱乐都玩电脑,连睡觉时都梦到电脑”的现象,考生应该主要从计算机对生活的消极影响这个角度展开写作。2013年12月四级考到过“手机、网络对人们交流方式的影响”,与本次考试的这个话题十分相似。

这篇作文的图画主题比较明确,然而笔者在阅卷时仍然发现部分考生的作文跑题,原因是考生在审题时没有注意到四个场景中均有计算机,因而只写了“现代生活的单调”。阅卷组认为,作文要是没有写到“计算机的消极影响”这个大方向,就是跑题,其得分不会超过总分的30%。大量跑题作文警示考生,审题时务必关注细节。这道题的写作依然可以按照“主题―相关人/物―社会群体―素质意识”的思路展开。

范文:This is a simple but thought-provoking cartoon: A man uses his computer during work time, at home and when he plays; what’s more, when he is sleeping, he even dreams that he is sitting in front of the computer.

This picture can be naturally associated with people’s addiction to this invention. In contemporary society, it has become a trend for a host of people to spend most of their time on PCs and tablets, either in life, at work or study hours. A case in point is the person in the picture. On the one hand, an increasing number of individuals find it convenient to work, entertain or kill time with computers. On the other hand, large numbers of intelligent people have come to realize the negative impacts of this trend―some people have become slaves to computers. It is computers that do not enable people to spend adequate time caring for friends, family members and other significant issues.

Do bear this in mind: Computers are just our tools. Thus, we should remind our classmates and friends to be sensible when using computers.

点评:比较真题一与真题二的范文,考生会发现里面有很多重复的句型和表达,这说明考生在写作其他话题时可以灵活使用这些句型和表达。就写作思路而言,这篇作文与真题一的写作如出一辙,仅在二、三段略有调整,使用了on the one hand和on the other hand的逻辑关系来比较计算机的利弊,然后使用“it is … that”强调句式的否定形式指出具体危害。第三段首句提出号召,随后提出建议。

真题三

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and comment on kids’ understanding of going to school. You should write at least 120 but no more than 180 words.

简析:2013年12月四级作文考到了话题为“网络对教育的影响”的图画作文,本次考试这道真题的话题与那道题类似。笔者阅卷时发现,在三道考题中,这道题的跑题率最高,原因依然是考生审题不周。不少考生只写了手机对学生的影响,但忽略了Directions对话题的限定,即kids’ understanding of going to school (孩子对上学的理解),考生应围绕孩子对教育意义的片面看法展开讨论。就写作思路而言,考生仍然可以延续前两个范文的思路来展开写作。

范文:This is a simple and funny but enlightening cartoon, in which a mother is telling her son to go to school. To her surprise, however, the youngster responds, “Why am I going to school if my phone knows everything?”

Apparently, this picture can be naturally associated with kids’ incorrect understanding of going to school. Many teenagers are convinced that it is of no value to them to go to school, because it has become a trend for a host of students to acquire useful information using cell phones or computers. Furthermore, an increasing number of teenagers find it convenient and efficient to learn with the help of phones. A case in point is the kid in the picture. But, it is also cell phones that do not enable many students to understand the essence of education.

If youngsters intend to acquire talents, it is advisable for them to not only acquire knowledge, but also cultivate their own spirits of cooperation and diligence as well as communication skills. Thus, parents and teachers should educate and encourage their kids to cultivate these qualities. Do bear this in mind: Education does not merely mean “knowing everything.”

点评:这篇范文的语言表达和写作思路与前两篇范文大同小异,在这里不再点评赘述。

综上所述,三道真题命题形式相同,话题类似,考生均可以从描述现象、分析原因和利弊以及提出建议的思路展开写作。

备考建议

四级写作“新瓶装旧酒”的命题趋势表明,真题复习十分重要。笔者建议考生从“实战”“背写”和“翻译”三个角度来复习真题。

第一,“实战”指的是限时训练。基础稍差的考生应开始加强备考,按照考试要求在30分钟内完成写作,以此提前适应考场写作。练习完之后,考生一定要找老师或英语基础扎实的同学修改作文,以完善自己的表达。当然考生也可以将自己的作文与范文进行比较,找到差距并想办法提升。

第二,“背写”指的是背诵和仿写范文。首先,考生应背诵范文中优美的表达、经典的句式和地道的用词等,然后再找来类似的话题作文题目,利用自己从范文中积累的表达来写作,达到仿写范文的效果。

第三,“翻译”指的是选取好的四级范文,按照“英译汉―汉译英―对比―背诵”的步骤进行练习。首先,考生将范文翻译成汉语,以加深对英文的理解。其次,考生将汉语回译成英文,并将自己的翻译与范文进行对比,找出自己表达的错误及表达不地道的地方。然后,考生再针对自己的弱点背诵相关表达。

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