“现在进行时”档案馆

同学们好!英语语法中有影响的“大腕”很多,我们所学过的一般现在时就是其中之一｡今天,我要和大家一起谈谈另外一个“大腕”――现在进行时｡下面我们就查查它的档案,了解并掌握它的功能､特征,这样我们就能够更加轻松地表现我们多彩的生活了｡

[一号档案] 现在进行时的构成

现在进行时由“be + 动词的现在分词”构成｡其中的 be 是助动词,它有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语的人称和数选用 am， is 或 are｡动词的现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成｡例如:

I’m doing my homework now. 我现在正在做家庭作业

He/She is doing his homework now. 他/她现在正在做家庭作业｡

We/They are doing our/their homework now. 我们/他们现在正在做家庭作业｡

现在分词的构成方法如下:

1. 一般在动词后面直接加上-ing｡例如: workworking, dodoing, talktalking, drinkdrinking

2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词应先去掉e,然后加-ing｡例如: writewriting, skateskating

3. 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,然后加-ing｡例如:lielying, diedying

4. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果该动词末尾只有一个辅音字母,则应先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing｡例如: putputting, sitsitting, getgetting

[二号档案] 现在进行时的句式变化

现在进行时的肯定句为“主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词”,否定句为“主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词”,一般疑问句为“Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词?”｡例如:

They are playing beach volleyball.

They are not playing beach volleyball.

Are they playing beach volleyball?

Lisa and Tim are waiting for the bus.

Lisa and Tim are not waiting for the bus.

Are Lisa and Tim waiting for the bus?

[三号档案] 现在进行时的基本用法

每一种时态都有其最基本的用法,现在进行时的最基本用法包括:

1. 表示现在说话时正在发生或进行的动作｡例如:

Bob and Mike are playing soccer now. 鲍勃和迈克现在正在踢足球｡

―Hi, Tom, what are you doing now?芽 嗨,汤姆,你在干什么呢?

―I’m writing a letter to my American pen pal. 我正在给我的美国笔友写信｡

2. 表示目前一段时间或现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时动作不一定正在进行｡例如:

This month Dad is writing a book. 这个月,爸爸正在写一本书｡(这个月一直在写,但是说话时刻不一定在写｡)

此外,表示位置移动的动词,如 leave, move, go, come, start, begin 等,常常用现在进行时表示一个在最近按计划或安排将要发生的动作,而不表示动作现在正在进行｡这时多有一个表示未来时间的状语与其连用｡例如:

Next week my family is moving to Beijing. 下周,我家就要搬到北京去了｡(搬的动作并非现在正在进行,而是将在下周进行｡)

My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o’clock tomorrow morning. 明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开这里去上海｡(不是现在正在离开,而是明天离开)

[四号档案] 现在进行时的使用场合

1. 当句中出现 now, at the moment(此刻､现在)等时间状语时,句子说明的是现在正在发生的动作,谓语动词应用现在进行时｡例如:

Linda’s brother is watching TV in his bedroom now. 琳达的哥哥现在正在他的卧室里看电视｡

We’re far from home. What are our parents doing at the moment? 现在我们远离家乡,我们的父母此刻在干什么呢?

2. 当句中出现 these days, this week, this month 等时间状语时,如果句子所要表达的是在这一阶段都在发生的动作,则谓语动词应用现在进行时｡例如:

These days we are learning computer. 这些天我们在学电脑｡

They’re having tests this week. 这一周他们在进行考试｡

Mr Liu is visiting our village this month. 这个月刘先生在我们村访问｡

3. 当句中出现“Look”, “Listen”或“Can’t you see?”等提示性词语时,说明其后句子的谓语动词所表示的动作眼下正在发生,那么,谓语动词应用现在进行时｡例如:

Look! Maria and Tom are dancing under the tree. 看!玛丽亚和汤姆正在树下跳舞｡

Listen! Our English teacher is singing the popular English song. 听!我们的英语老师正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲｡

Many children are swimming in the river. Can’t you see? 许多小孩在河里游泳,你难道看不见吗?

4. 当上下文能表明动作现在正在进行时,句子的谓语动词应用现在进行时｡例如:

―Where is Mr Wang? 王先生在哪儿?

―Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office. 噢,他正在办公室看报呢｡

―Is that boy Jack? 那个男孩是杰克吗?

―No. Jack is doing his homework in the classroom. 不是,杰克正在教室里做作业呢｡

需要特别指出的是, see, know, want, like, see, hear 等表示“情感状态”､“知觉认识”或“愿望”以及表示“存在”､“拥有”等状态的动词,一般不用现在进行时态,而应用一般现在时｡例如:

1) 现在许多学生喜欢读《哈利・波特》｡

[误] Now many students are liking reading Harry Potter.

[正] Now many students like reading Harry Potter.

2) 你现在知道这个问题的答案了吗?

[误] Are you knowing the answer to this question now?

[正] Do you know the answer to this question now?

3) 我现在就想回家｡

[误] I’m wanting to go home now.

[正] I want to go home now.

4) 我现在有100元钱｡

[误] I’m having one hundred yuan now.

[正] I have one hundred yuan now.

好了,关于“现在进行时”的档案,我们就先查看到这里｡下面有几道和现在进行时有关的练习,大家一起操练操练吧｡

Ⅰ. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空｡

1. It’s eight thirty in the morning. We______ (have) our lessons.

2. ―What’s he doing?

―He______ (do) his homework.

3. Look! The monkey______ (jump) down from the tree.

4. Don’t talk. The baby______ (sleep).

5. ―______ you______ (listen) to music now?

―Yes, I am.

6. What______they______ (do) at the moment?

7. The children______ (run) outside, aren’t they?

8. ―______ you______ (have) your own house now?

―Yes, I do.

9. ―Listen! Who______ (sing) next door?

―Susan______ (is).

10. ―What are you doing now?

―We______ (swim) in the lake.

Ⅱ. 从A､B､C､D中找出错误的一项并加以改正｡

1. We playing basketball on the playground with Class 8 now.

A

B

C

D

2. ―Who is listen to music in the classroom? ―Yin Li and Anna.

A

B

C

D

3. She and I am cleaning the windows at the moment.

A

B

C

D

4. Look! There is coming the dancer.

A

B

C

D

5. Daniel is play football because it is fine.

A

B

C

D

Key:

Ⅰ. 1. are having2. is doing3. is jumping4. is sleeping

5. Are, listening6. are, doing7. are running8. Do, have

9. is singing; is10. are swimming

Ⅱ. 1. A｡ playingare playing2. B｡ listenlistening

3. B｡ amare4. C｡ comingcomes5. A｡ is playis playing