不要“被”被动

1. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and___________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.

A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing

解析 D。句意：交通法规定四岁以下和体重不超过40磅的孩子必须坐在儿童安全座上。此处weighing为系动词，意为“重量是……”，不可用被动语态。考生在答此题时易误解weigh为行为动词，而选用被动形式。

注：在英语中系动词没有被动形式，它与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，此类词常见的有感官系动词look, taste, sound, smell和feel以及prove和remain等。例如：

Looking inviting and tasting delicious, this kind of pineapple sells very well. 这种菠萝看上去诱人而尝起来味美，因而特别畅销。

2. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes iPad 2 more comfortable _______.

A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold

解析 D。句意：与早期的版本厚度与重量的不同使得iPad2拿着更舒服。在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式作状语，句子主要强调主语的特性。因此选D。例如：

Much to our frustration, the problem is too difficult to work out. 令我们极为沮丧的是这个题目太难，根本做不了。

3. ―What kind of dog do you prefer？

―We don’t mind if the dog smells , but we do mind if it smells .

A. well; bad B. well; badly C. good; bad D. good; badly

解析 A。句意:你们较喜欢哪种狗？我们并不介意这狗是否嗅觉灵敏，但真的介意它是否让人闻起来难受。此句第一个smell为不及物行为动词，well为副词，用以突出主语狗的特性为嗅觉灵敏，第二个smell为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，因而选A。

注：在英语中当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry，sell, write等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：

The new pen I bought yesterday writes very smoothly. 昨天我买的新钢笔写起来非常流畅。

This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。

注：该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。另外，can’t和won’t 与open, close, shut, lock, move等连用表示主语出了性能故障，也用主动表示被动。例如：

The door won’t lock and I can’t leave now. 这门锁不上，我不能离开。

4. Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.

A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked

解析 D。句意：在登机前一小时Claire携带的行李接受了检查。have sth. done“让……被做”。逻辑主语是her luggage，和check是被动关系，所以选择D。

比较：（1） I have an important meeting to attend, so I must be off now. 我有个重要会议要参加，因而必须离开了。（attend与句子主语I之间为主动关系，故用主动形式to attend）

（2） Excuse me, sir; do you have any clothes to be washed? 劳驾，先生，您有衣服要洗吗？（主语you与wash之间没有逻辑关系，而wash与clothes 之间为被动关系）

5. With all aspects taken into consideration, they thought the survey was well _______ conducting．

A． worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth its while

解析 A。句意：把各个方面考虑进去，他们觉得这个调查很值得实施。worth的句式为sth. be worth doing。doing与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，但用主动形式表示被动概念。

比较：（1） sth. be worthy to be done / of being done

worthy之后不定式必须用被动形式。

（2） It is worthwhile to do sth./ doing sth.或It is worth one’s while to do sth./ doing sth.

本句式it用作形式主语。再如：

The athlete is worthy of being respected and admired by his opponents. 这是一个非常值得对手们尊重和钦佩的运动员。

6. I see no reason why those athletes shouldn’t go on playing for another four or five years, they are fit.

A. provided B. supposed C. suggesting D. pretending

解析 A。句意：我找不出任何原因那些球员只要能打怎么就不能再打上四到五年的球。句中provided为连词，表示条件“只要”，而非表被动的过去分词。

注：英语中动词形式用作连词或介词的还有providing, suppose, supposing, given, considering, including, regarding和 concerning等。例如：

Considering the unstable situation in Libya, visitors were persuaded not to take a risk. 鉴于利比亚的不稳定局势，游客们被劝阻不要作任何冒险。

7. Professor Bruce, who _______ the research of sustainable energy all his life,___________to deliver a speech in our school next Friday.

A. has devoted to; is supposed B. is devoted to; will be supposed

C. has been devoted to; is supposed D. had devoted to; will be supposed

解析 C。句意：一生都奉献于可持续能源研究的Bruce教授将于下周五到我校作演讲。devote为及物动词，主语who与它之间为被动关系，因all his life为时间段状语确定用完成时态；另外，此处is supposed to相当于should，从而本题选C。

注：像devote这样的动词与使役类动词用法相似，必须有宾语，大多数时候以被动形式出现。常见的还有commit, dedicate, convince, seat等以及使役动词。再如：

Seated at the back of the meeting room, the shy and nervous clerk feels more relaxed. 这个害羞而又紧张的职员坐在会议室后排感到放松了许多。

巩固练习：

1. In the past 12 months, Taylor Swift___________her CD Fearless become the year’s bestselling album.

A. saw B. was seen C. has been seen D. has seen

2. ―Why is your professor so happy recently?

―Because the theory she insisted on___________correct.

A. is proved B. proving

C. was proved D. has proved

3. Jingguang high speed railway . When it is completed at the end of 2012, it will take about 8 hours to cover the whole journey.

A． was built B． is built C． has been built D． is being built

4. Only one second ________, Kobe takes the last shot. Oh, My God！ It’s unbelievable. He got it.

A. is left B. leaving C. remain D. remaining

5. Jackie put up a motto―where there is a will, there is a way―on the wall of his study to keep himself ________ of his own dream.

A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind

6. The government appeals to scientists to step up developing new energies in case the fossil fuels___________in the coming future.

A. give out B. put out C. hold up D. use up