Bohai Bay Economic Rim Cooperation and Liaoning Coastal Economic Zone Developmen

Abstract.This paper takes the development of Liaoning coastal economic zone as the breakthrough point. It looks back on the process of Bohai Bay Economic Rim cooperation. In addition, it makes deep analysis into the existing disadvantages in the corporation of the Bohai Bay Economic Rim and further explores on the promotion role of the Bohai Bay Economic Rim cooperation to the development of Liaoning coastal economic zone. On this basis, the paper has put forward the specific strategies that promote the cooperation of Bohai Bay Economic Rim, with the expectations to make beneficial explorations on the development of the Liaoning coastal economic zone.

Key words： Bohai Bay Economic; Liaoning coastal economic zone; regional cooperation

In the year 2003, the Chinese Central Government Departments and the State Council announced the “Several suggestions on implementing the developing strategy of the old industrial bases in Northeast China and other regions”. In the year 2004, the country has greatly promoted the development of the Bohai Bay; the provincial leaders have signed the “Bohai sea region cooperative framework treatment” with joint efforts. The Bohai Economic Rim has traditionally been involved in heavy industries and manufacturing. Tianjin's strengths have always been in aviation, logistics and shipping. Beijing complements this with strong petrochemical, education and R&D industries. The area is becoming a significant growth cluster for the automobile, electronics, petrochemical sectors, especially with Shenyang's automotive industry, software and aircraft, Dalian attracting foreign investments in manufacturing and Qingdao for its health services. The Chinese central government has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advanced communications network, better highways, increased education and scientific resources as well as tapping natural resources off the Bohai rim. In recent decades, petroleum and natural gas deposits have been discovered in Bo Hai.

1.The existing problems in the cooperation of the Bohai Bay Economic Rim

As for the existing problems in the cooperation of the Bohai Bay Economic Rim, they are mainly shown in the following manners:

1.1.There are shortages in the sharing of the basic infrastructures

As for the regional economy, the importance of basic frustrations is especially clear. The Bohai Bay Economic Rim is a term used to describe the economic hinterland surrounding Beijing and Tianjin. It also includes areas in Hebei, Liaoning and Shandong which surrounds the Bohai Sea. This region has gone through major changes in economic and infrastructures. This emerging region is rising as a Northern economic power house and rivals the Pearl River Delta in the south and the Yangtze River Delta in the east.

1.2.The convergence of industrial structure is serious

The Bohai bay rim is the term used to describe the broad economic areas including all coastal cities surrounding Bohai Sea and some surrounding the Yellow Sea, which lies on the north of China at the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. The Bohai bay rim is one of the most flourishing economic areas in the north of China, connecting areas in the northeast, north and east of China. Since the Reform and Opening-up, the Bohai bay rim has established five advantages including developed and convenient transportation, strong industrial, scientific, technological and educational base, abundant natural resources and cluster of major cities, which together become a unique advantage for enhancing international development and cooperation in the Northeast Asia. The statistic data have shown that there is more than 0.6 similarity degree of the industrials for the Bohai Bay Economic circle.

1.3.The industrial chain within the region is not integrated

The industrial chain of the Bohai Bay is located in a relatively low level. As the most important link Bohai sea area of mobile phone industry and electronic information industry in component industry and the machine industry supporting exchange activities, the mobile exhibition in the past eight years has achieved great success, become push related industry increase of the main forces. According to link Bohai sea area have large amounts of electronic manufacturing enterprises actual requirement, the mobile exhibition further improved its industrial service platform for components and role will bring huge electronics manufacturing equipment industry business. On the one hand each region is in lack of the cooperation while on the other hand the integrated supporting environment of the Bohai Bay is not perfected.

1.4.The functional efficiency of the financial system within the region is not high

In the current stage, the construction of the financial system within the circle of Bohai Bay Economic is far behind from the needs of the development of the economy within the region. As the national economic centre moves northwards, the folding carton packaging industry chain is migrating in the same direction. This is why the packaging and printing industry in the Bohai Economic Rim has such tremendous development potential.

1.5.There is not a leading economic centre within the region

As for the cooperation development of the regional economy, there must be a strong and forceful economic centre that plays the role of leading. Every year, demand for packaging and printing, especially high-end printing, in North China, grows. These orders are predominantly filled in South China as the region has a better-developed printing manufacturing industry. However, there has not been an absolute leading city in the Bohai Bay yet.

1.6.The worsening trend of the environment within the region is apparent

1)The quality of the water near the coastal is quite serious. The quality of the water has got out of the standard of the water qualities.

2)The fishing resources near the sea have been worsened in a severe trend. The Bohai Economic Rim has traditionally been involved in heavy industries and manufacturing.

3)The underwater is polluted, in pointes or areas. The water position comes to be lowered subsequently. The demand and supply of the water resources is becoming harder and harder.

2.The strategic selection of the cooperation of the Bohai Bay Economic Rim

2.1.Formulate a specific and feasible cooperation goal of the Bohai sea region, determine the core points of the Bohai sea region, and form the center with leading effects

The Bohai Sea rim economic circle is believed to become a new economic engine for the country in the near future. But its potential needs to be further tapped for an integral development of the area. This area holds China's most successful development zone, its most renowned high-tech park, its best group of private ventures, the densest intellectual resources, and the nation’s strongest established industrial base. In addition, it includes China's centre of politics and culture, high-ranking ports, rich natural resources, and abundant cheap labour and skilled workers.

2.2.Promote the free flow of the human resources within the region; build a platform for the talent flow within the Bohai sea region and talent effects out of the region

The government has forceful control over various resources and an economy with strong political connections has been bred in this area. People here have a strong political perception yet less of a concept of market economy. A healthy market mechanism has not been cultivated yet. Another factor is that although there are two municipalities directly under the central jurisdiction in this region, namely Beijing and Tianjin, there is none playing a leading role in terms of regional economy. There has not been enough co-ordination in industrial development, but rather constant disputes over interests and competition over limited regional resources. Besides, there is no obvious regional division of labour. Lacking integrated regional planning, many cities engage in similar industrial structures.

2.3.Build and perfect a cooperation mechanism of competition and cooperation which are consistent to each other; carry out effective integration on the formulation of the Bohai sea region framework and the policies

The economic research has found out that under the situation of regional economic cooperation, the better the cooperation is, the better the regional economic development becomes. Otherwise is true. Each could develop into an independent economic circle, yet the integral strength of the area would be weakened. Thus besides a need for improved regional planning, unified implementation above the administrative division is needed for the overall development of the Bohai Sea rim area. Other issues hindering regional co-operation include a poorly-managed flow of human resources, inconvenient traffic network and serious regional barriers.

2.4. Build a professional organization institution to take charge of the cooperation of the Bohai sea region, take Tianjin or Shandong as the core region belt and carry out the organizational associations and cooperation

Build a professional organization institution to take charge of the cooperation of the Bohai sea region, take Tianjin or Shandong as the core region belt and carry out the organizational associations and cooperation. Once this integration is sorted out, there can be a core, or leader, in the Bohai Sea rim area that will be able to promote economic integration with the Liaodong and Shandong peninsulas. The quality of the soft environment of Bohai Rim regional economic development determines the speed and quality of economic development. Bohai Rim regional provinces and municipalities should make great efforts to grasp the soft environment building to create cohesion, form attraction, increase productivity in the regional economic competition and promote a quite rapid economic development in the Bohai Rim region.

pile a area integration plan with long-term guidance meaning and take the development strategies of Bohai sea region as the basis; implement the fine circulation action between the sea economy (blue) and land (green) economic of the Bohai sea region

Advantage complementary is the key factor for the regional economy to acquire the overall development.

Strengthen the overall planning functions of the region and introuduce the concept of efficiency maximum of the entire region.

Since the formal diplomatic relationship between China and South Korea was set up, many Korean enterprises began their investments and business in Tianjin and promoted both Tianjin economic development and Korean economic development. Now Korean enterprises are developing quite well generally, but some problems and inconvenience still exist in their business. Tianjin local government should adequately regard and settle the problems of Korean enterprises as soon as possible, and should create an ideal environment for Korean enterprises to invest and work. In the aspect of Korean enterprises how to develop their specialty, increase their competitive abilities, make good use of Tianjin's advantages and accelerate their developments is a problem worth of consideration.

The research on the economic zone and the sea research and development strategies of the Bohai sea region will form into the lever of the coastal industries of the Bohai region, which will have an important strategic meaning to the Bohai Bay.

2.6.Build a regional cooperation and development platform according to the association mechanism of the entire framework of the Bohai Bay; build a comprehensive, sharing and beneficial development situation

The cooperation development of Bohai sea region should build platforms of four levels:

1)In the first place, a basic infrastructure system such as the regional communications network;

2)In the second place, a mercerization flowing system of the regional production elements;

3)In the third place, a regional industrial production system;

4)In the last place, a regional city development system.

3.The promotion effects of Bohai Bay Economic Rim cooperation to the development of Liaoning coastal economic zone

3.1.Good for the optimization upgrading of the industrial structure of the Liaoning coastal economic zone. At the same time, it can further promote the optimization upgrading of the industrial structure of the Dongbei Area

It is good for the optimization upgrading of the industrial structure of the Liaoning coastal economic zone. At the same time, it can further promote the optimization upgrading of the industrial structure of the Dongbei Area. Once this integration is sorted out, there can be a core, or leader, in the Bohai Sea rim area that will be able to promote economic integration with the Liaodong and Shandong peninsulas. . Each could develop into an independent economic circle, yet the integral strength of the area would be weakened. Thus besides a need for improved regional planning, unified implementation above the administrative division is needed for the overall development of the Bohai Sea rim area.

3.2.Good to promote the process of urbanization of the coastal cities in Liaoning Province, making the urbanization process of Liaoning Province develop through the direction of science, optimization and sustainability

Liaoning coastal economic zone is good to promote the process of urbanization of the coastal cities in Liaoning Province, making the urbanization process of Liaoning Province develop through the direction of science, optimization and sustainability.

3.3.Good to the development of export-oriented economy of Liaoning coastal economic zone, carry out the open strategies which is more active in the first place

An importance force of the development of the Bohai Bay Economic circle is to development the export-oriented economy. An export oriented economy is a country where international trade makes up a large percentage of the total economy. Trading nations also tend to favour free-trade policies, or at least seek market access for their products. It is good to the development of export-oriented economy of Liaoning coastal economic zone, carry out the open strategies which is more active in the first place. Liaoning coastal economic zone is an important link in the circle of Bohai Bay Economic, which has greater advantages in developing the export-oriented economy.

3.4.Good for the development of the sea economy in Liaoning coastal economic zone and play the role of associated development

Bohai Bay Economic circle is good for the development of the sea economy in Liaoning coastal economic zone and play the role of associated development. Bohai Bay Economic Rim is a term used to describe the economic hinterland surrounding Beijing and Tianjin. It also includes areas in Hebei, Liaoning and Shandong which surrounds the Bohai Sea. This region has gone through major changes in economic and infrastructures.

3.5.Good to realize the comprehensive development of the old industrial bases in Northeast China and other regions, playing the example role for the comprehensive development for other areas

It is good to realize the comprehensive development of the old industrial bases in Northeast China and other regions, playing the example role for the comprehensive development for other areas. Build a professional organization institution to take charge of the cooperation of the Bohai sea region. In addition, take Tianjin or Shandong as the core region belt and carry out the organizational associations and cooperation.

3.6.Good to promote the prosperity of the Northeast Asia, and form a financial, cultural and economic centre belt with the core of Shen belt that eradiating Northeast Asia

In the long term, the economic cooperation of the Bohai sea region has a profound influence on the promotion effects of the economic industrial belt of Liaoning. Northeast Asia and North-eastern Asia refers to the north-eastern sub region of Asia. Though the precise definition of Northeast Asia changes according to context, it always includes Japan and the Korean Peninsula, and is sometimes used to refer to these two regions exclusively. It is good to promote the prosperity of the Northeast Asia, and form a financial, cultural and economic centre belt with the core of Shen belt that eradiating Northeast Asia.

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