无痛病房对老年髋部骨折术后谵妄影响的研究

时间:2022-10-06 09:05:09

无痛病房对老年髋部骨折术后谵妄影响的研究

【摘要】 目的:探讨无痛病房对老年髋部骨折手术后出现谵妄情况的影响。方法:回顾性分析2013年5月-2016年5月本院75例行髋部手术的65岁以上老年患者资料,分为无痛病房组47例,普通病房组28例。根据美国精神疾病协会制定的意识错乱评估方法(CAM)对患者精神状况进行评估,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)对患者疼痛进行评分,并对最终结果进行统计及分析。结果:两组患者在术前基本情况、手术时间、术中出血量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者在术后第1、3天的VAS评分、住院天数及术后谵妄发生情况比较,无痛病房组均优于普通病房组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P

【关键词】 无痛病房; 老年髋部骨折; 术后谵妄

Study of GPM-Ward on Postoperative Delirium in Elder Patients with Hip Fracture/DONG Yun-peng,ZHENG Xuan,LYU Zhao-hui,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(10):029-032

【Abstract】 Objective:To study effects of good pain management ward(GPM-Ward) on postoperative delirium(POD) in elder patients with hip fracture.Method:A total of 75 elder cases with hip fractures were gathered in this retrospective study.47 cases were included in the GPM-Ward group,28 cases were in the conventional ward group.Assessments of delirium were based on confusion assessment method(CAM).Assessments of pain were based on visual analog score(VAS).Final result was analysed.Result:There were no statistical significance in preoperative basic situation,operation time and intraoperative bleeding of two groups(P>0.05).After the first and third day treatment,there were statistical significance in VAS postoperative,hospitalization days and the incidence rate of POD in two groups,the GPM-Ward group of those were better than conventional ward group(P

【Key words】 Good pain management ward(GPM-Ward); Elderly hip fracture; Postoperative delirium(POD)

First-author’s address:Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Guangzhou 510095,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.10.008

疼痛是每一个创伤骨科医生和患者都要面临的问题,如何解决骨折患者的疼痛问题,可直接影响到患者的治疗及康复。术后谵妄(postoperative delirium,POD)是一种手术后急性意识模糊状态,伴有注意力、感受、思维、记忆、精神运雍退眠周期障碍的短暂器质性脑综合征[1]。髋部骨折是老年人常见损伤,主要包括股骨颈骨折、股骨粗隆间骨折和股骨粗隆下骨折,手术治疗已经成为髋部骨折的有效治疗手段,可以让患者早期下地行走,减少卧床并发症,能明显提高患者的生活质量,降低死亡率。据国外有关报道,在髋部骨折患者中谵妄的发生率从4%到54.3%不等[2]。本院自从2013年局部开展“无痛病床”到全面开展“无痛病房”后,老年髋部骨折术后谵妄的发生率明显下降,VAS评分降低,住院时间也明显缩短,现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 2013年5月-2016年5月本院收治65岁以上髋部骨折患者82例,排除急诊手术及因各种原因而无法手术患者,共75例患者行手术治疗。其中男28例,女47例;股骨颈骨折27例,股骨粗隆间骨折43例,股骨粗隆下骨折5例;行股骨头置换术43例,动力髋螺钉(DHS)固定22例,股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)10例。按镇痛方式分为无痛病房组47例,普通病房组28例,两组患者的一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。该研究已经伦理学委员会批准,患者知情同意。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 无痛病房组 采用全程疼痛控制程序:即患者由入院开始进行健康宣教、全程对疼痛等合理评估。围手术期处理具体如下:(1)术前:自入院到手术前使用辨证中药汤剂内服、塞来昔布胶囊200 mg,2次/d;术前24 h贴敷丁丙诺啡透皮贴剂及术前1 h静注帕瑞昔布40 mg;(2)术中:麻醉科用药监护,术后常规自控镇痛泵(PCA),PCA拔除时间为术后48 h内;(3)术后:返回病房后连续3 d肌注帕瑞昔布40 mg,2次/d;禁食期过后中药辨证汤剂口服;3 d后改肌注帕瑞昔布为口服塞来昔布胶囊200 mg,2次/d。

总之,术后的疼痛对于老年患者而言不仅仅是一种简单的主观上的不适感,更对术后的康复及并发症的处理具有重要的影响,通过有效规范的无痛病房处理,可大大减少老年患者术后谵妄的发生,值得临床进一步推广研究。

参考文献

[1]李晖,李清,杨风顺,等.多模式镇痛对老年髋部骨折术后谵妄影响的研究[J].中华骨科杂志,2013,33(7):736-740.

[2] Robertson B D,Robertson T J.Postoperative delirium after hip fracture[J].The Journal of Bone and Joint Wurgery,2006,89(9):2060-2068.

[3] American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders[M].5th ed.Washington:American Psychiatric Publishing,2000:143,147.

[4] Hshieh T T,Fong T G,Marcantonio E R,et al.Cholinergic deficency hypothesis in delirium:a synthesis of current evidence[J].

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci,2008,63(7):764-772.

[5] Hughes C G,Patel M B,Pandharipande P P.Pathophysiology of acute brain dysfunction:what’s the cause of all this confusion[J].Curr Opin Crit Care,2012,18(5):518-526.

[6] Davis D H,Muniz T G,Keage H,et al.Delirium is a strong risk factor for dementia in the oldest-old:a population-based cohort study[J].Brain,2012,135(Pt9):2809-2816.

[7] Fink R.Pain assessment:the cornerstone to optimal pain management[J].Proceedings(Baylor University.Medical Center),2000,13(3):236-239.

[8] Milisen K,Foreman M D,Wouters B,et al.Documentation of delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture[J].J Gerontol Nurs,2002,28(11):23-29.

[9]曹华,崔志堂,白玉海,等.老年痴呆与局部脑血流量的分析[J].神经疾病与精神卫生,2004,4(5):385-386.

[10]张志平,廖琦,李勇,等.老年人髋部骨折术后谵妄[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2007,22(1):68-69.

[11] Marcantonio E R,Flacker J M,Wright R J,et al.Reducing delirium,after hip fracture:a randomized trial[J].Am Geriatr Soe,2001,49(5):523-532.

[12] Inouye S K,Westendorp R G, Saczynski J S.Delirium in elderly people [J].Lancet,2014,383(9920):911-922.

[13]沈曲,李峥.手术后病人疼痛控制状况的调查研究[J].护理研究,2006,20(11):2845-2848.

[14]张春玲,孙胜男,张春燕,等.创伤骨科以护士为主导的疼痛管理模式研究[J].理学杂志,2012,27(2):25-27.

[15] Wei L A,Fearing M A,Sternberg E J,et al.The confusion assessment method:a systematic review of current usage[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2008,56(5):823-830.

[16] Robinson S,Vollmer C.Undermedication for pain and precipitation of delirium[J].Medsurg Nurs,2010,19(2):79-83.

[17]中华医学会骨科学会分会.骨科常见疼痛的处理专家建议[J].中华骨科杂志,2008,28(1):78-81.

[18]胡三莲,许燕玲,熊飞,等.骨科住院患者对疼痛护理认知和需求情况的调查[J].护理杂志,2008,25(10A):26-28.

[19]云利,吴海山,吴宇黎,等.全膝关节置换术围手术期镇痛[J].国际骨科学杂志,2008,29(1):67-68.

[20]叶萍.骨科无痛病房的建立体会[J].中外医疗,2010,12(36):188-190.

[21] Shim J J,Leung J M.An update on delirium in the postoperative setting:prevention,diagnosis and management[J].Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol,2012,26(3):327-343.

上一篇:宠物狗穿衣有讲究,且看标准怎么说 下一篇:快速康复外科技术配合腹腔镜对子宫肌瘤患者疗...