状语从句的用法

摘要：状语从句在语法教学中讲解比较简单，按其功能主要划分为时间、原因、地点、条件、方式或比较、目的、结果和让步状语从句，学生可以根据不同的连接词判断状语从句的具体用法。在实际教学中，学生往往学起来容易，用起来容易出错。本文对状语从句的用法进行了详细归类和总结。

关键词：状语从句分类 连接词 用法

状语从句是复合句中的一种，起状语作用，可修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。状语从句可分以下几种。

一、时间状语从句

该从句常由以下连接词引导：when， as， while， before， after， since， till（until）， as soon as， the moment， no sooner...than， hardly...when...

1.when引导的从句，主从句的动作可同时发生，也可先于主句动作发生。例如：

I was going out when he came.

As the sun rose， the fog dispersed.

2.as引导的从句表示“当……时”或“一边……一边……”，主从句的动作同时发生。例如：

Will you drop it as you go past the post？

As they walked along the road， they sang happily.

3.while 引导的从句表示“当……过程中”，强调某段时间主从句的动作同时发生。例如：

Keep an eye on my sister while I am away.

While we were watching TV， he came in.

4.before 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。例如：

I didn’t know any English before I came here.

I had written my letter before she came back.

5.after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如：

After he locked the door he left.

After he had finished his work， he played a game.

6.since引导的从句表示“自从……”，从句用过去时，主句用现在完成时。如果主句不是延续动作而是目前状态，可用一般现在时。例如：

Since he entered the university， he has made great progress.

It is ten years since he joined the party.

7.till（until） 引导的从句表示“直到……”或“直到……才”。例如：

They worked till it was dark.

She didn’t go home until she had reviewed her lessons.

8.as soon as 引导的从句表示“一……就……”，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when表示“刚……就……”。例如：

As soon as he came here， he began to read English.

He had hardly arrived when it began to snow.

二、原因状语从句

该从句常用because， since， as等连接词引导。例如：

I didn’t do it because I was angry.

Since you are free， you’d better help me with my English.

三、地点状语从句

该从句常由where， wherever等连接词引导。例如：

I will go where work conditions are difficult.

Wherever you are， you should work for people.

四、条件状语从句

该从句常由if， unless， so（as） long as等连接词或连接词组引导。例如：

If I go to Nanjing， would you like to come along？

You may use it so long as you will return it on time.

五、比较或方式状语从句

该从句常由as...as， than， the...the...， as（正如）， as if等引导。例如：

I am as tall as you， but you are stronger than I.

The more you practice， the more you will get.

六、目的状语从句

该从句常由that， so that， in order that， lest等引导。例如：

I’ll show you so you can see how it’s down.

We must hurry off lest we should miss the bus.

七、结果状语从句

该从句常由so that， so/such...that（如此……以至）等连接词引导。例如：

She’s so ill that she can’t get out of bed.

It was such a cold night that we stayed at home.

八、让步状语从句

该从句常由though（although）， even if， however，whatever， no matter how等连接词或连接词组引导。例如：

Wherever he is，he will be thinking of you.

So don’t lose heart， whatever you do.

参考文献：

[1]薄冰.英语语法[M].开明出版社，2007（12）.

[2]张道真.实用英语语法[M].外语教学与研究出版社，2002（5）.（责编 张亚欣）