时间：2022-09-25 05:45:58
起承转合是诗文写作结构章法方面的术语。“起”是起因，文章的开头；“承”是事件的过程；“转”是转折，是结果；“合”是对该事件的议论，是结尾。
笔者发现，如果考生能按照“起承转合”这一思维去构思写经历或事例，会收到良好的效果！
我们知道，读写任务中，如果有某个写作要点要求考生写一件事或一次经历，那么该要点一般要详写。但不少考生要么一两句就说完了，觉得没话可写，要么感觉有太多话要写，虽长篇大论却抓不住重点，且属前一种情况的考生居多。
实列分析
列举自己或现实生活中中学生梦想成真的一件事。（2013届海珠区高三综合测试）
请看一位考生的习作：
However， when I was in middle school， my dream is have a piano. When on my birthday， my father really brought a piano for me， in that time， I was very happy and I thought my dream was come true.
很明显，作为重头戏的记叙部分，除去语病不说，长度方面，此要点考生写得太少了。而事例中梦想的实现也来得太容易了，充其量只是愿望的实现。要谈梦想的实现，怎么着也要浓墨重彩一下梦想是怎样通过努力奋斗而成真的过程吧！而导致她没话说的症结就在于：一句话I thought my dream was come true，就把话给说死了，说没了。
下面，我们用“起承转合”的方法来构思一下这个故事：
起：中学时我梦想有一架钢琴；
承：得不到父母的支持，原因是……
转：没有泄气，做暑期工，攒钱；
合：感动父母，愿望实现！
用这个思路，看一下改动后的习作是不是大放光彩呢？
（起）It reminds me of one of my dreams coming true when I was in junior middle school. Once， I dreamt of owning my own piano and playing it at home peacefully and gracefully. （承） My parents refused my request for they thought I could play it at the training centre. （转） Turned down for many times， I didn’t stop chasing my dream. I tried to save each cent from my pocket money and did some part-time jobs in the next summer vacations. （合） My parents were moved and bought me a piano eventually. I was very happy and I thought it was my persistent pursuit that helped me realize my dream！
我们再来看一下该试题命题者提供的范文：
（起） Like most people， there was a time when I dreamed of being an excellent student in my English after entering junior middle school， （承） though I was poor in English then. （转） To catch up with my classmates， I made up my mind to learn English well and made pen-friends with some foreign students so as to practise my spoken English and improve my written English. （合） Finally， I won the English Speech Contest this term， realizing my dream.
我们不难看出范文的思路：
起：进入初中，梦想英语成绩优秀；
承：实际上，英语不太理想；
转：借助各种途径，下决心赶超；
合：梦想终于实现！
以下再提供两篇短文供大家学习，思考起承转合的手法在事例写作中的应用。
1. 讲述你（或你朋友）因太多干扰而受到影响的经历。（2012届六校联考）
本文的思路：
起：高一开学，被各种课外活动吸引；
承：第一学期，应接不暇于各种活动；
转：结果无法完成作业，精神不集中；
合：考试失败！
2. 举一个发生在你或你认识的人身上的例子，说明语言的正面或负面的影响。（2013年惠州二调）
本文的思路：
起：Mary交通事故中受伤严重；
承：情绪低落，抗拒治疗；
转：母亲善意的谎言；
合：正是母亲正面的语言拯救了 Mary，令她重新站立起来！
以下是原试题提供的范文，篇幅还是太长了点！
1. （过渡句）This reminds me of what happened when I entered high school as a Senior One student. （起）I was so excited to find that there were various student organizations and after-class activities intended for us students. It seemed that many groups were suitable to me. （承）During the first term， I was attracted whenever there was a notice from a student group and I was eager to find out more about it. （转） As a result， I didn’t spend enough time on my studies， nor could I settle down on my homework every day. （合）Consequently， I failed in an important exam.
2. （起）I have a friend called Mary， who had a traffic accident when she was in junior high school. Her waist was hurt so badly that the doctor told her that she would probably have to rely on a wheelchair for the rest of her life. （承）She was so depressed at the news that she refused to receive any treatment that may help her recover. （转）Though the chances for her recovery are little， her mother decided to tell a lie in order to cheer her up. She told Mary that the doctor had mistaken her for another patient， saying that she would recover soon if treated properly. （合）Hearing that， Mary became cooperative in receiving treatment and with her strong will， she finally recovered， which amazed the doctors and nurses. It was the power of words that actually help her stand up and walk again.
从以上的例题和练习中我们不妨总结一下这个方法的应用：
起：就是故事的背景介绍，起初状况，可写开始时的良好状况或尴尬局面。
承：事件的发展过程，或承前进一步渲染主人公的心理状况。
转：事情的转机，如“幸运的是……（如自己的深刻认识或家人、老师或朋友的帮助等）”或“不幸的是……”。
合：事情的结果，或回应主题。
下面再设计两个话题，请你马上用“起承转合”的思路来构思一下你的故事吧：
1.（你或你朋友参加某一个比赛的）事件发生的时间、经过和结果。
起__________________承__________________
转__________________合__________________
2. 讲述你或你朋友撒谎的一次经历。
起__________________承__________________
转__________________合__________________
值得注意的是：
1. 为了行文流畅，通常可以在起承转合之前先有一句过渡句，作为此要点的主题句。如：It reminds me of...； Take ...for example； Everybody will ...， and ... is no exception.
2. 经历就是记叙过去发生了的事，因此，通常要用过去时态。
此外，英语中表示“起承转合”还会用到一些特别的词语，笔者摘录一些常用的，供考生复习时参考，若能掌握好，对阅读和写作大有益处！
1. 表示“起”。
nowadays；currently 现在
above all 最重要的是
for one thing 首先
on the one hand 一方面
to begin/start with 首先，第一
first of all 首先，第一
2. 表示“承”。
later 后来
such as 正如
soon 不久
for another 其次（与for one thing连用）
on the other hand 另一方面（与on the one hand连用）
for this purpose为了这个目的
in other words 换句话说
after；after that；afterwards此后
furthermore；moreover；what’s more；besides；in addition 而且，此外
3. 表示“转”。
while 然而
however 然而
regardless of 不管，不顾
in fact；indeed；as a matter of fact 事实上
on the contrary相反地
in/by contrast对比之下
though；although尽管
even if；even though 即使
luckily；fortunately幸运地
unluckily；unfortunately 不幸地
4. 表示“合”。
as has been noted 如前所述
as I have said 如我所述
all in all；in a word；in brief；in short；in sum；in summary 总之
as a consequence；consequently；therefore；hence；thus 因此
at last；finally；eventually 最后
surely；certainly；undoubtedly 无疑
（作者单位：江门市开平开桥中学）
责任编校 蒋小青