近义词突破 (三)

■ Ⅰ. celebrate和 congratulate

【情景对话】

Bill: China’s annual National Tree-planting Day, falling on March 12th, is drawing near.

Daisy: You know, on this special day, millions of Chinese, from all walks of life, celebrate it by planting trees.

Bill: What did you do for the holiday last year?

Daisy: Our student union formed a club for environmental protection.

Bill: Let me congratulate you on the birth of the club.

【词汇解析】

celebrate是“庆祝，欢庆”的意思，congratulate有“祝贺，恭喜”意思。但两者的用法却差别很大。例如：对话中“celebrate it by planting trees”意思是“通过植树来庆祝植树节”，celebrate表示“庆祝，欢庆”时，后接something，也可作为不及物动词。例如：

We won! Let’s celebrate! 我们获胜了，让我们庆祝一番。

但是，congratulate后接somebody，常用congratulate sb. on sth.。例如：

I’d like to congratulate you on your success. 祝您取得成功。

【即学即练】

一、 请选择最佳答案。

You have completed your work ahead of time. You are to ___________ on your excellent work.

A. congratulate B. celebrate

C. be congratulated D. be celebrated

二、 根据所提示汉语，完成下列句子。

1. 我们燃放烟火庆祝我们的国庆日。

We set off fireworks to

.

2. 他借机祝贺汤姆喜结良缘。

He took the chance to

.

■ Ⅱ． not...but... 和 not only...but also...

【情景对话】

Kate： Have you heard of Sun Yue?

Bruce： She is not only a singer but also a dancer.

Kate： I don’t think so. She is more like a dancer than a singer. She usually dances to music.

Bruce: You mean she is not a singer but a dancer, don’t you?

Kate: That’s right.

Bruce: But she really lives up to her reputation as a famous singer.

【词汇解析】

对话中的“She is not only a singer but also a dancer”意思是“她不但是歌手而且是舞蹈家”；“she is not a singer but a dancer”意思是“她不是歌手而是舞蹈家”。

1. not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，这个词组所接谓语的数与就近的主语保持一致。例如：

Not you but he is right. 不是你而是他对了。

2. not only... but also... 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中also有时可以省略。如：

He not only read the book but also remembered what he had read. 他不仅读书，而且记得他所读过的内容。

若连接两个主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

Not only you but also I am planning to go. 不仅是你, 而且我也准备去。

not only 置于句首，后面若接句子，则要用倒装形式。例如：

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲。

Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it. 他不仅许诺，而且履行了诺言。

Mr. Smith is not only our teacher but also our close friend. Not only is he kind but also patient. 史密斯先生不但是我们的老师也是我们的亲密平朋友。他不仅很善良而且很耐心。

【即学即练】

一、 请选择最佳的答案。

The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _______， but students became more interested in the lessons.

A. saved was teachers’ energy

B. was teachers’ energy saved

C. teachers’ energy was saved

D. was saved teachers’ energy

二、 根据所提示汉语，完成下列句子。

1. 不是你说话的内容而是你说话的方式惹我生气了。

It is you say

you say it made me angry.

2. 不仅要怪你而且也要怪他。

Not only you but also he

.

3. 你的建议不仅对她有利，对我也有利.

your advice of great benefit to her but also to me.

■ Ⅲ． either，both，any和 all

【情景对话】

Alice: I have bought two copies of Uncle Tom’s Cabin written in English, and you can have either.

Bill: But would you mind if I had both?

Alice: Not at all. I have got three before.

Bill: Are all of them written in plain English?

Alice: Yes, they are. But I don’t like any of them. They are rather too easy.

【词汇解析】

either和any都表示“任何一者”，both表示“两者”，all表示“三者或以上的所有”。对话中“you can have either”意思是“你要哪一本都可以”；“But would you mind if I had both”意思则是“我要两本您介意吗”；“Are all of them are written in plain English”意思是“这全部都用通俗易懂的英语写的吗”；“But I don’t like any of them”则是“可是没有一本我会喜欢” 。either，both，any和all具体区别如下：

1. either表示“两者之中的任何一者”；any表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一者”。例如：

He could write with either hand. 他左右手都能写字。

We can meet any day but Monday. 除了星期一我们无论那一天见面都可以。

2. both表示“两者都”，all表示“三者或三者以上的都”。例如：

Both of them are self-employed. 他们两人都自己当老板。

My parents and I went shopping this weekend. All of us were satisfied with what we bought. 我的父母亲这个周末去购物了。我们大家都对所买的东西都很满意。

3. both, all与not连用表示部分否定，意为“并非都”；而“not ... either”和“not...any”表示“都不……”，是全部否定。例如：

All is not gold that glitters. 并非闪亮的东西都是金子。

The news did not shock either of them. 他们两人听到这消息都不感到震惊。

请比较下列各句：

I do not know all of them. 我并非都认识他们。

I do not know any of them. 这些人我一个都不认识。

I do not know both of them. 这两个人中，我并非都认识。

I do not know either of them. 这两个人我一个也不认识。

【即学即练】

一、 请选择最佳的答案。

（2011辽宁卷) ― Would you like tea or coffee?

― ________, thank you. I’ve just had some water.

A. Either B. Both

C. Any D. Neither

二、 请选择either，both，any或neither填入下面句子中的空格里。

1. ― When shall we meet again?

― Make it ______ day you like; it’s all the same to me.

2. ― Do you want tea or coffee?

― __________. I really don’t mind.

3. To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or __________.

4. I had to buy ________ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.

Keys：

Ⅰ．一、C

二、1. celebrate our National Day 2. congratulate Tom on his marriage

Ⅱ. 一、B

二、1. not what, but the way 2. is to

blame 3. Not only is

Ⅲ. 一、D

二、1. any 2. either 3. both 4. all