介词的考点归纳与解题指导

一、考点归纳

介词在语法填空中每年必考。主要考点有：

1. 简单介词。如：after，as，like，behind，for，from，of，in，on，at，to，with，by，about，above，across，against，below，beside，between，beyond，during，opposite，past，despite，near等。

2. 复合介词。如：throughout，outside，within，without，onto，into，upon等。

2. 短语搭配中的介词。如at a price，on one’s own，on sale，at table，be tired from doing，show respect for，reward sb. for sth，in a low voice等。

此外，常用介词构成的短语：

二、解法指导

介词后一定要接宾语，作宾语的通常是名词、代词或动名词。因此，做纯空格的语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且他们不是在句中作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。然后根据句子意思和具体语境来确定填哪一个介词。

[例1]（2013年广东）The only reason a man would sell salt a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.

解析：因名词短语a lower price和the sweat and struggle在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，应是作介词的宾语，空格处应填介词；第一空，根据与price的搭配，填at，at a lower price表示“以更低的价格”；第二空，由show respect for可知，填for。

[例2]（2012年广东） The new boy looked at the teacher a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.

解析：名词短语a few seconds在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，应是作介词的宾语，应填介词；因表示某个动作持续的时间长度，用“for+时间段”，故填for。

三、即时练习

单句填空 在空格处填入一个适当的介词。

1. （2011年广东） I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him his own either.

2.（2010年广东） His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home a happy heart.

3.（2009年广东） Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes sale.

4.（2009年广东）When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag， her parents were already

table having supper.

5.（2008年广东）Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. these proverbs there are often interesting stories.

6.（2008年广东）He was very tired doing this for a whole day.

7.（2007年广东）I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their house.

8.（2007年广东）When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village，I wanted to reward the old woman the trouble I had caused her.

9.（2011广东全国）This shop will be closed for repairs

further notice.

10.（2011广东上海）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you the tough years.

11.（2012广东陕西）An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are it.

12.（2012广东安徽）You can change your job， you can move house， but friendship is meant to be life.

13.（2013广东北京）I have an appointment Dr. Smith，but I need to change it.

14.（2013全国新课标II）A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.

语篇填空 在短文的空格处填入一个适当的介词。

（一）

Conflicts 1 others are common in everyday life. These conflicts can turn out to be serious problems if we don’t deal with them properly. Last week，Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball. Unfortunately，they bumped 2 each other. Su began to say mean words and Li shouted back 3

response. A terrible quarrel occurred all 4 a sudden. How to avoid these quarrels effectively？First，we should often stand

5 others’ shoes when faced 6 conflicts. Second，think twice and you may find that things are not as bad as you thought first. What’s more，competitive sports involve unavoidable bumps or even injuries，which should be taken 7 consideration when you participate in a game.

（二）

I parked my car when I got to a local supermarket，looked down 1 my long shopping list and hoped that I could afford it all. As I approached the door，I saw a man 2 kind eyes and a gentle smile. He said he was collecting 3

a local food bank that helped to feed the hungry people 4

my area. He handed me a second shopping list 5 things they could use and asked me if I could help. I smile back，took the list and walked 6 the store. I really wanted to help，but I wasn’t sure if I could this time. I walked 7 the store，picked up vegetables，soup，bread，milk，bananas and some other things. When I looked down at my full cart，I wondered again if I had enough to pay. As I put my own list back

8 my pocket，I saw the food bank list 9 it. I smiled and decided to trust my heart. It takes so little to make our world a better place. A few dollars can help a hungry child. An encouraging word can inspire someone else to live and to love.

答案与解析

单句填空

1. on因on one’s own（=alone）是固定搭配，所以填on。

2. with名词a happy heart 在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，就应是作介词的宾语，空格处应填介词； 由句意可知，是指这个年轻人“带着”愉快的心情回家，表示“带着”用with。

3. on固定搭配on sale，表示“出售”。

4. at名词（table）在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；由having supper可知，填at； 因为at table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，也是习惯搭配。

5. In /Behind指“在这些成语的背后”或“在这些成语里”常常会有一些有趣的故事，表示“在……的背后”，用介词behind，表示“在……里”，用in。

6. from因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”，表示“在……之后”，用介词after；另外be tired from doing表示“因做某事而累”，所以也可填from。

7. as意思是“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作，作为”，用介词as。

8. for表示“因……而酬谢 /报答某人”是reward sb. for sth.。

9. until句意为：这家商店将停业装修，营业时间另行通知；until表示 “直到……为止”。

10. through 句意为：毕业时刻是感谢曾经帮助你度过艰难时期的好时间。help sb.through sth. 表示“帮助某人度过某段时期”。

11. against句意为：这个合同看起来不可能被通过，因为委员会上大多数人反对它。against表示“反对”。

12. for句意为：你可以换工作，搬家，但是友谊应该是终生的。for life表示“一辈子，终生”。

13. with句意为：我跟史密斯博士有个约会，但是现在我得更改一下。have an appointment with sb. 表示“跟某人有预约”。

14. without句意为：如果没有一些数学知识，对物理进行严谨地研究是不可能的。without表示“如果没有”。

语篇填空

（一）日常生活中和别人发生冲突是很常见的事，我们必须学会明智地处理冲突。

1. with 表示跟别人发生冲突。

2. into 搭配：bump into撞到，碰上。

3. in 搭配：in response回应。

4. of 搭配：all of a sudden突然。

5. in 搭配：in others’ shoes处在别人的位置上，站在别人的立场上。

6. with 搭配：be faced with面对。

7. into 搭配：take sth into consideration考虑。

（二）心灵美经久不衰，永不退色；助人为乐，笑口常开都是心灵美的体现。

1. at 搭配：look at看。

2. with 表示“带有”的含意。

3. for 表示目的，意为“为了”。

4. in 表示方位，意为“在某一地区”。

5. of 搭配：a list of清单。

6. into 搭配：walk into，走进。

7. through 此处表示“逛商店”。

8. into 搭配：put ... into放进去。

9. under 表示方位， 意为“在下面”。

（作者单位：肇庆中学）

责任编校 蒋小青