搭配不同 意义有别

时间:2022-08-26 11:29:44

英语中,有一些动词或动词短语后面既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意义不同。现将中学课本中常出现的几组列举如下,以帮助读者了解其区别。

1. mean(to do/doing)

“mean to do”表示“企图,打算做……”;“mean doing”则表示“意味着,需要……”。例:

Success means Working very hard.成功意味着刻苦努力。

He meant to drive there.but his car broke down.他本打算驾车去那儿,但车子抛锚了。

2. chance(doing/to do)

“chance doing”表示“冒险试试”,“chance to do”则表示“碰巧”。例:

He chanced betting all his money on the race.他将全部的钱冒险下注于那场竞赛。

I chanced to look out of the window and saw the accident.我碰巧往窗外看,结果看到了那件事。

3. demand/deserve/need/require/want(to do/doing)

当句中谓语动词为这些动词时,句子的主语是动作的使动者,宾语用不定式的主动形式;若句子的主语是被动者,宾语则用动名词的主动形式,相当于不定式的被动式。例:

I want to tidy my bedroom.我想整理我的卧室。(“I”是动作“tidy”的使动者。)

My bedroom wants tidying.我的卧室需要整理。(“My bedroom”是动作“tidy”的被动者。)

The matter demands looking into.这件事需要调查。(=The matter demands to be looked into.)

Your suggestion deserves considering.你的建议值得考虑。(=Your suggestion deserves to be considered.)

4. consider/allow/permit/advise(to do/doing)

这几个动词接动名词做宾语,接不定式做复合宾语。须注意区别其带复合宾语的被动式结构,虽然不定式紧跟其后但不是做宾语而是做主语的补语。例:

He is considering studying abroad.他正考虑出国留学。

He is considered to have lied to us.(=We are considering him to have lied to us.)他被认为是对我们撒了谎。

They never allow/permit smoking here.他们从不允许在此抽烟。

Are you allowed/permitted to stay out late?(=Do your parents allow/permit you to stay out late?)你父母允许你深夜不归吗?

5. be used to doing/be used to do

“be used to doing”也可用“get/become used to doing”,表示“习惯于……”;“be used to do”表示“被用来做……”。例:

She is/gets/becomes used to living in the country.她习惯于住在乡下。

The knife is used to peel fruits.那刀是用来削果皮的。

6. be/feel afraid(of doing/to do)

前者表示“害怕发生某种后果”,后者表示“不敢做某事”。例:

She was afraid to cross the narrow wooden bridge because she felt afraid of falling into the fiver.她不敢过那座狭窄的小木桥,因为害怕会掉入河中。

7. be/feel sure(of doing/to do)

前者表示主观的判断看法,后者表示客观的判断看法。例:

He is sure of succeeding in the experiment.他相信自己实验一定能成功。(=He is sure that he will succeed in the experiment.)

He is sure to succeed in the experiment.他实验一定能成功。(=In the view of others,he will certainly succeed in the experiment.)

上一篇:初中英语定语从句典型错误分析 下一篇:现在完成时用法小结