热线答疑 10期

【前言】热线答疑 10期由文秘帮小编整理而成，但愿对你的学习工作带来帮助。a. My cousin Lucy has served as a secretary for five years in a foreign-owned company. b. My cousin Lucy served as a secretary for five years in a foreign-owned company， and now she is the company's general manager. c. My cousin Lucy had served as...

张满胜，英国剑桥大学英语硕士，新东方学校“新思维语法”培训创始人，著有《英语语法新思维》系列图书，对英语语法有深入的研究，突破传统语法教学，提出了“语法即思维”的全新语法理念，揭开了英语思维的深层秘密。他对中国学生英语学习的症结和困惑有深刻的了解，力争改变中国学生“学习多年英语，最终还是不会说、不会写、听不懂”的尴尬局面。欢迎大家来信咨询与英语学习相关的问题，请在信封右下角或邮件主题栏注明“热线答疑”。

Email：

Q 张老师好，下面这道题的答案是served，老师说句中的for five years强调的是过去的一段时间，所以用一般过去时，但我觉得应该用过去完成时，麻烦您帮忙解释一下。谢谢！

My cousin Lucy ____ as a secretary for five years in a foreign-owned company， and now she is the company's general manager. （serve）

A 这句话应该用一般过去时served，因为下文now表明是今昔对比，这里的for five years只是过去的某一段时间。如果要用过去完成时，那么必须还要有另外一个过去时间。请比较下面三句话：

a. My cousin Lucy has served as a secretary for five years in a foreign-owned company.

b. My cousin Lucy served as a secretary for five years in a foreign-owned company， and now she is the company's general manager.

c. My cousin Lucy had served as a secretary for five years in a foreign-owned company before she moved to America.

上面三句话用三种时态表达了三个不同的时间段，详述如下：

a句用了现在完成时has served，表明Lucy到现在还是秘书，此时的时间段是从过去五年前一直到现在。

b句用了一般过去时served，表明Lucy现在不再是秘书，含有今昔对比的意味，而下文也指出了她现在的状态：now she is the company's general manager。这里的for five years所指的时间段是过去的某个五年，与现在没有联系，我们也不知道那五年是何时开始到何时结束，即没有明确的起止时间。

c句用了过去完成时had served，serve的动作发生在move之前，不是今昔对比，只是单纯陈述在moved这一动作发生之前五年的经历，有明确的起止时间。当然，由于moved发生在过去，所以那五年与现在也没有联系。

Q 张老师好，请您帮忙回答一下下面这两个问题。谢谢！

1. It was this house that I was born in. 这句话对吗？介词in可以放在句末吗？

2. A poem written by an American poet is usually harder to understand than one by a Chinese poet. 这句话中的one为什么不能换成that呢？

A 第一句话最好写成：It was in this house that I was born. 这是一个强调句，强调的是地点状语in this house，in最好别放在句末。

第二句话涉及one和that指代的区别，这是很大的一个话题，一两句话无法讲解清楚。就本句来说，one在这里表示泛指，而that一般是特指，故one不能换成that。我们可以把one还原成a poem说成：A poem written by an American poet is usually harder to understand than a poem written by a Chinese poet.

Q The living standard of the people in Shanghai ____ in the last 10 years.

A. has raised B. has risen

C. has been raised D. has been risen

张老师您好，这道题答案给的是C，但是我感觉B和C都可以啊，麻烦您给我讲解一下，谢谢！

A 你是对的，B和C都可以，而且has risen更常见，所以最佳答案应选B。而has been raised更强调人为的因素。比如说：In the last few decades， the living standards have been raised to a new high and diet has totally changed.