时间：2022-08-23 10:35:13
纵观2012年全国各地中考英语试卷，宾语从句无不成了命题的热点，几乎每份考卷都考查了宾语从句。可见掌握宾语从句的用法是何等的重要！下面的“四招”能帮你轻松过关。不信？试试看！
第一招：必须选准引导词
宾语从句根据其引导词的不同，归纳起来可分为三种情况：
（一）宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that无词义且不作任何句子成分，口语或非正式文体中常省略。例如：
Mr. Zhang said（that）he was reading at that time. 张先生说他那时正在阅读。
I hope（that）you can come here on time tomorrow. 我希望你明天能准时到这儿。
【考题链接】
（2012年南昌卷）I know I promised to take you to dinner， but I wont finish working until ten oclock.
A. thatB. if
C. whatD. why
【简析】从句是一个完整的陈述句，只需要用that连接起来。选A。
【温馨提示】当that引导几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个that 不可省略。例如：
om said（that）the film was very interesting and that] he enjoyed it. 汤姆说那部电影非常有趣，他喜欢看。
（二）宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词if或whether引导，if/ whether有词义但不作任何句子成分。例如：
Could you tell us if/ whether] Miss Zhou will give us a speech tomorrow？ 你能告诉我们周老师明天是否给我们做演讲吗？
Do you know if/ whether] he is going to Shanghai next month？ 你知道他下个月是否去上海吗？
【考题链接】
Do you know he needed any help？
A. whetherB. that
C. whatD. which
【简析】题意为：你知道他是否需要帮助吗？表示“是否”要用if或whether。选A。
【温馨提示】whether和if都有“是否”的意思，但下列情况只用whether，不用if：
介词之后的宾语从句，只能用 whether连接，而不用 if。例如：
Were talking about whether the plan is good enough. 我们正在讨论那个计划是否足够好。
宾语从句中的 whether 与 or not 可直接连用，if却不能，但可间接连用。例如：
I dont know whether or not they will come for our help.（= I dont know if they will come for our help or not.）我不知道他们是否要来向我们求助。
动词不定式之前，只能用 whether。例如：
She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait. 她不知道是现在结婚还是再等一等。
在动词discuss的后面只用 whether。例如：
hey discussed whether they should buy some EnglishChinese dictionaries.他们讨论了他们是否应该买一些英汉词典。
（三）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词who， whom， whose， which， what或连接副词when， where， why，how等引导。连接代词或连接副词有词义，并在宾语从句中充当某一句子成分。例如：
I didnt know who] had taken away my sharpener. 我不知道是谁把我的卷笔刀拿走了。
Do you understand what] he said？ 你听懂他所说的话了吗？
Will you please tell me why] Jim was away from school yesterday？ 请告诉我吉姆为什么昨天没到校，好吗？
She wondered how] she should go to the park. 她想知道公园怎么走。
【考题链接】
1.（2012年泰安卷）I dont know Apple iphone4s.
A. that she is so crazy about
B. what is she so crazy about
C. why she is so crazy about
D. how she is so crazy about
【简析】根据句意可知引导词应该为why。选C。
2.（2012年安徽卷）―Could you tell me he came here？
―e drove here himself.
A. howB. why
C. whenD. whether
【简析】根据答句：他自己开车来这儿。可知问句应该是：你能告诉我他是怎么来这儿的吗？选A。
3.（2012年烟台卷）Could you tell me ？
A. where is the headmaster
B. whose camera it is
C. what Jack was happened
D. how long does it take you to the aquarium
【简析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A和D，选项C句式结构不正确。选B。
第二招：务必牢记陈述句语序
宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他。特别要注意的是，由疑问句变来的宾语从句要将其助动词、系动词移至主语之后或与谓语动词合并。例如：
Where does the teacher live？ I want to know. I want to know where] the teacher lives].
as he ever been to the Great Wall？ Do you know？ Do you know if] he has] been to the Great Wall？
【考题链接】
1.（2012年玉林卷）―Excuse me， could you tell me to get to the post office？
―Certainly. he No. 1 bus.
A. which bus I should take
B. I should take which bus
C. should I take which bus
D. which bus should I take
【简析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序。选A。
2.（2012年杭州卷）―Could you tell me ？
―Of course.
A. wheres there a good place to eat
B. where theres a good place to eat
C. where is a good place to eat
D. where a good place to eat
【简析】同上题。选B。
【温馨提示1】同学们对下面一题容易“思维定式”。
Can you tell me ？
A. whats wrong with the bike
B. what wrong is with the bike
C. what the bike is wrong with
D. what wrong is the bike with
【错因分析】Whats wrong with ？是一个特殊疑问句。同学们在学习宾语从句时，老师反复强调从句部分要用陈述句语序， 所以许多同学在读题后，常迅速排除A项。殊不知，此处 what 在从句中充当主语，whats wrong with the bike 正是陈述句语序。选A。
【温馨提示2】如果连接词在宾语从句中充当不及物动词的宾语，将其放到从句句首时，不及物动词后的介词不能省略。
I hear om lives here， but Im not sure .
A. which room he lives in
B. which room does he live in
C. he lives in which room
D. in which room does he live
【错因分析】live为不及物动词，其后不能直接跟宾语，因此后面的介词in不能省略，同时宾语从句要用陈述句语序。选A。
第三招：时刻注意时态呼应
（一）当主句谓语为一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句谓语可视情况使用任何一种时态。例如：
I hear that he went] to Shanghai last week. 我听说他上周去上海了。
e will tell you what he bought] in the shop yesterday. 他会告诉你他昨天在商店里买了什么。
【考题链接】
[JP3]（2012年南平卷）―Do you know ？
―Last year.
A. when he came here
B. when did he come here
C. when he will come here
【简析】宾语从句应用陈述句语序，排除B项。由答语“Last year”可知是询问去年的事情，应该用一般过去时，排除C项。选A。
（二）若主句谓语为过去时态，宾语从句谓语动词必须使用过去时态的相应形式。例如：
She told me she had learned] more than two thousand English words. 她告诉我说她已学了两千多个英语单词了。
Jim told us what happened] to him in 2011. 吉姆告诉我们2011年发生在他身上的事。
【考题链接】
（2012年宁夏卷）―What did you say just now？
―I asked you .
A. who is sheB. who she is
C. who was sheD. who she was
【简析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C。本句主句I asked you是一般过去时，从句也应该用一般过去时。选D。
（三）当宾语从句表示客观事实、普遍真理、谚语或其他不受时间限制、影响的事物时，其谓语动词不受主句谓语动词时态的限制，习惯上使用一般现在时。例如：
e told the students that the earth moves] round the sun. 他告诉学生们地球绕着太阳转。
he physics teacher said（that）light travels] much faster than sound. 物理老师说光比声音传播得快得多。
Mother often told her son that practice makes perfect. 母亲常对儿子说，熟能生巧。
【考题链接】
（2011年枣庄卷）e said that light much faster than sound.
A. has travelledB. went
C. travelsD. travelled
【简析】句意为：他说光比声音传播得快得多。 讲述的是客观真理，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，要用一般现在时。 选C。
第四招：切实分清 “两副面孔”
if和when不但可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。因此，要分析整句话所表达的意义，看它们属于“两副面孔”中的哪一种。 当从句表示将来的动作时，若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如：
I dont know if/ when he will come tomorrow.（宾语从句）
If/ When he comes， hell tell you about it.（状语从句）
【考题链接】
1.（2012年恩施卷）―I dont know when tomorrow.
―I will call you as soon as he .
A. will he come； arrives
B. he will come； arrives
C. he will come； will arrive
【简析】第一空为when引导的宾语从句，语序使用陈述句语序，排除A。as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，排除C。选B。
2.（2012年广东卷）If our government attention to controlling food safety now， our health in danger.
A. wont pay； is
B. doesnt pay； is
C. wont pay； will be
D. doesnt pay； will be
【简析】由句意“如果我们的政府现在不注意控制食品安全，我们的健康将会很危险。”可知本题是在考查if引导的条件状语从句。选D。
学以致用
1.（2011年河南卷）My pen pal from America is coming to visit me. Im thinking about .
A. what present did I give her
B. how I will give her a surprise
C. where will we have a big meal
D. whether I planned a trip for her
2.[CM（16*2]（2012年达州卷）―hat actor often[CM（19*2]joins in different activities in Beijing. Do youknow ？
―For years.
A. how soon he will come back
B. how long he has stayed there
C. how long has he stayed there
C. how often does he go there
3.（2012年陕西卷）omorrow is Fathers Day. I dont know .
A. what can I do for my father
B. what I will get for my father
C. where I went with my father
D. where will I go with my father
4.（2012 年六盘水卷）―Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday？
―[CM（17]I think we will if we anyclasses.
A. wont have
B. didnt have
C. dont have
D. arent having
.（2012年济南卷）―Im doing a survey. Could you tell me ？
―Sure. I usually go to work at 7：00 am.
A. why you go to work
B. how you go to work
C. when you go to work
D. who you go to work with
6.（2012 年黄石卷）Everyone can play an important part in society. As members， we should try our best to do .
A. what we should do
B. what should we do
C. how we should do
D. how should we do
7.（2012年宿迁卷）Can you tell me in the future？
A. how life will be like
B. how will life be like
C. what life will be like
D. what will life be like
8.（2012年北京卷）―Can you tell me the prize， om？
―Last year.
A. when you got
B. when did you get
C. when will you get
D. when you will get
9.（2012年天津卷）―Can you tell me ？
―With Lucys help.
A. when you did it so well
B. when did you do it so well
C. how you did it so well
D. how did you do it so well
10.（2012年遂宁卷）I wanted to know those days. Because she was so hardworking.
A. if will she be successful
B. if she would be successful
C. if she will be successful
[K]参考答案
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