基于格子Boltzmann方法的一维Burgers方程的数值模拟

时间:2022-08-23 03:27:03

基于格子Boltzmann方法的一维Burgers方程的数值模拟

摘要:

基于格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)的一维Burgers方程的数值解法,已有2bit和4bit模型。文中通过选择合适的离散速度模型构造出恰当的平衡态分布函数; 然后, 利用单松弛的格子BhatnagarGrossKrook模型、ChapmanEnskog展开和多尺度技术, 提出了用于求解一维Burgers方程的3bit的格子Boltzmann模型,即D1Q3模型,并进行了数值实验。实验结果表明,该方法的数值解与解析解吻合的程度很好,且误差比现有文献中的误差更小,从而验证了格子Boltzamnn模型的有效性。

关键词:格子Boltzmann方法; Burgers方程; ChapmanEnskog展开;3bit格子;格子BGK模型

中图分类号:TP391.9

0引言

在流体动力学中,非线性对流扩散方程——Burgers方程是不可压缩的NaiverStokes方程忽略压力项后的一类简化模型,用于描述诸多物理现象的数学模型,如交通流问题、冲击波模型、湍流问题等。然而,对于较小的黏性系数来说,非线性对流项将会占据主导作用,进而解会随时间的推移产生激波,导致求得的解析解是不切实际的,因此,研究Burgers方程的数值解是十分有意义的。基于此,众多科学工作者对Burgers方程提出了许多数值方法,如Galerkin方法[1-2]、有限差分法[2-6],此外,还有B样条配置法[7-9]、B样条Galerkin方法[10]、B样条有限元法[11]等。但是,在通常情况下, 由于Burgers方程的有限元格式和有限差分格式的自由度很大,因此这将在实际应用中带来很大的麻烦。本文的目的是,能在减少计算量和存储空间的同时,又能使其数值解具有较高精度的前提下,可以利用格子Boltzmann方法(Lattice Boltzmann method,LBM)的3bit模型来计算Burgers方程的数值解。

3结语

通过对以上三个实例的数值模拟结果分析,可以看出本文的LBM在求解一维Burgers方程方面上,可以给出比较精细的数值解,且与解析解吻合的程度较高;利用两个L2和L∞范数误差对比分析可知,本文的LBM的误差比其他文献方法的误差较小,因此,可以证明本文的LBM在数值的精确性效果上更好,得出本文的格子Boltzmann方法对于求解一维Burgers方程是有效可行的。

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