between还是among?

时间:2022-08-22 02:16:03

问:在两者之间用between,三者以上用among。那么The old man divided his property between his three sons. 这句话中的between为什么不用among呢?

首先介绍一下between和among的基本用法,然后回答你的问题。

1. between一般指两个人或物的“之间”,可接复数名词或代词,也可用between... and...连接两个单数名词或代词。如:

A fight broke out between the two boys. 这两个男孩打了起来。

A fight broke out between Tom and Jack. 汤姆和杰克打了起来。

2. between也可以用于两者以上的“之间”。这时,明显存在着个与个之间的相互关系。如:

I eat nothing between meals. 我不吃零食。(即每日三餐的间隔中不吃东西)

3. between可表示“合作、协同或一起”的意义。如:

Between us we killed the wolf. 我们一起打死了那只狼。

4. 在difference之后要用between。如:

Can you tell me the difference between the words injure, harm and wound? 你能告诉我injure, harm和wound这几个词的区别吗?

5. among一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……中间”,后面接表示笼统数量或集合意义的名词或代词。例如:

There is a small hut among the trees. 在树林中有一个小茅草屋。

6. among还可以表示最高级的比较范围。例如:

Shanghai is among the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界上最大的城市之一。(句中的among相当于one of)

7. 如果谓语动词是divide, share之类表示分、分担之类的动词时,有两种情况:

①并列的几个单数名词或代词要用between... and。如:

Share the sweets between you, Alice and Susan. 你、爱丽丝和苏珊把这些糖果分着吃吧。

②如果后面接的是复数名词,那么既可以用between,也可以用among。如:

The expenses on advertising and sales promotion will be shared between/among our three departments. 广告和促销的费用将由我们三个部门均摊。

因此,根据第7项第②条的解释,问题中的between用among也是正确的。

问:“We haven’t enough time to do the work.”中的enough是否可以放在time之后?

可以。当enough作形容词修饰名词时,置于名词前或后均可,放在名词前强调enough,放在名词后则强调名词。不过,当enough作副词修饰形容词、副词或动词时,就一定要放在被修饰词之后。例如:

He is not careful enough to do the work. 他不够细心,不能做这项工作。

He swam quickly enough to pass the test. 他游得真够快的,可以通过测试。

To be in good health, you have to sleep enough. 要保持身体健康,你就一定要睡眠充足。

注意 当enough修饰形容词而形容词又修饰名词时,要注意以下几点:

1. 被修饰的名词是单数的可数名词时,不定冠词放在名词前或形容词前均可,但放在名词前较常见。如:

She is careful enough a nurse./She is a careful enough nurse. 她是一个很细心的护士。

2. 若被修饰的名词当形容词用了,enough后置修饰该形容词性的名词,且名词前不用冠词。如:

I am not scholar enough to name this plant. 我学识不够,讲不出这个植物的名字。(scholar前不用冠词a,见《现代英语惯用法词典》P.301)

3. 若被修饰的是不可数名词,enough可置于形容词前或后,但意义不同。比较:

I need enough cold water. 我需要足够的冷水。(enough是形容词,修饰cold water)

I need cold enough water. 我需要足够冷的水。(enough是副词,修饰cold)

4. 同样,在修饰复数的可数名词时,位置不同,意义也不同。比较:

I’ve bought fresh enough grapes. 我买了足够新鲜的葡萄。

I’ve bought enough fresh grapes. 我买了足够的新鲜葡萄。

问:有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名作宾语,有区别吗?

答:有些动词没有区别,有些动词有区别。

后接不定式或动名词且含义相同的常见动词有:like喜欢, love爱, hate憎恨, prefer宁可, begin开始, start开始, continue继续, can’t bear不能忍受, bother 麻烦, intend想要, attempt试图, cease停止等。例如:

When can I begin to work/working? 我什么时候能开始工作?

I like to swim/swimming, especially in the sea. 我喜欢游泳,尤其喜欢在大海中游泳。

When do you intend to leave/leaving Beijing? 你打算什么时候离开北京?

但有三种情况值得注意:

1. 当 like, love, hate, prefer与would或should连用时,其后只能接不定式。例如:

I’d like to say a few more words. 我还有几句话要说。

Would you prefer to talk here or in my office? 你愿意在这儿谈还是到我的办公室谈?

2. 当 begin, start本身是进行时态或v-ing形式的非谓语动词时,其后只能接不定式。

He is beginning to recover his strength. 他开始恢复体力了。

Starting to think, he often lights a cigarette. 在开始思考问题时,他常要点一支烟。

3. 当begin, start后接know, realize, understand, see等感觉或状态类动词时,其后只能接不定式。

He started to realize his shortcomings. 他开始认识到自己的不足。

4. 动词forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop, can’t help, go on等后接不定式或动名词含义不同。比较:

I forgot to lock/locking the door. 我忘记要锁门。/我忘记锁了门。

I remember to call/calling you. 我记住要给你打电话。/我记得给你打过电话。

I regret to tell/telling him the bad news. 我很遗憾地告诉他这个坏消息。/我后悔告诉他这个坏消息。

I mean to get there before six. 我打算六点前到达那里。

Saying that means refusing him. 那样说就意味着拒绝他。

He tried to start/starting the car. 他试图启动汽车。/他尝试启动汽车。

He stopped to smoke/smoking. 他停下来吸烟。(不定式为目的状语)/他停止吸烟。

I can’t help (to) do/doing the housework. 我不能帮忙做家务。/我忍不住做家务。

The students went on to write/writing. 同学们接下来要写作。/同学们继续写作。

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