时间：2022-08-02 10:09:15
【摘 要】本文分析《斑点带子案》中夏洛克・福尔摩斯的人物塑造。基于解构主义， 探究福尔摩斯与众不同且充满魅力的性格。并且文中解码福尔摩斯如何从不足的资料中破案。通过该侦探小说中二元对立组中不同人物形象的刻画，体现出福尔摩斯性格中的闪光点。此外，本文阐释了福尔摩斯存在一个世纪之久的原因，为广大读者提供赏析福尔摩斯性格魅力的机会。
【关键词】人物塑造；侦探小说；夏洛克・福尔摩斯
【Abstract】This paper analyzes the characterization of Sherlock Holmes in The Adventure of the Speckled Band. It explores the special characters of Holmes’ based on the theory of Deconstruction. And the paper decodes how he solves a case from insufficient data. The different characterizations of binary oppositions in this detective story reflect some shining characters of Holmes’. Moreover，it explains why Holmes could exist more than a century， which offers readers a chance to appreciate the glamour of Holmes’ characters.
【Key Words】Characterization； detective story； Sherlock Holmes
1. Introduction
The Deconstruction claims that all structures have a center that regards “human beings as the possible center.” i Derrida says that the center is the most important part of any structure. “At the center， only the unit that is center can be there； none of the other units of the system can take the place of the center.”ii In a detective story， the detective is the center of the whole structure.
According the Deconstruction， the binary oppositions are applied to analyze the characterization of Sherlock Holmes. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band， there are two pairs of binary oppositions that are man and woman and detective and crime.
2. Man and Woman
“The fact that one side of a binary only has meaning in relation to the other side means that every centre posits a center， a place from which the whole system comes and which regulates the system.” iii The characterization of Sherlock Holmes is portrayed and displayed by the female character.
In The Adventure of the Speckled Band，man and woman is a pair of binary oppositions. When Holmes meets Helen Stoner， the female character， he greets her politely. He says：”I shall order you a cup of hot coffee， for I observe that you are shivering.” iv This manifests that Holmes is very friendly and gently， and he is a man full of humanity， tender and pity to woman.
Holmes is a person who is rich in observational ability. In the story， Helen is surprised to find that he could tell that she has taken the train and dog-cart as vehicles. On the basis of the second half of a return ticket and the jacket with plashed with the mud， Holmes comes to his correct conclusion. In fact， his careful observation is the primary trait that almost every thorny case could be resolved.
Holmes is quite passionate and methodical regardless of personal gains and losses. Although Helen visits Holmes early in the morning， the late riser still gets up with great enthusiasm. When Helen mentions Mrs. Farintosh， Holmes draws out a consultative case-book that has information about her who was once his client. It is clear that he is methodical， prudent and cautious to his work. Helen is desperate for help， but she could not pay Holmes until she controls her own legacy. Holmes does not work for money and fame， and he regards the satisfaction of solving the case as reward.
3. Detective and Criminal
The other binary opposition is detective and criminal， which is the main contradiction in this story. The detective is the symbol of the justice， and the criminal embodies the evil. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band， the evil criminal is Dr. Grimesby Roylott who is a huge， ugly and eccentric man， having a hunting-crop swinging in his hand. He has a large face， seared with a thousand wrinkles and marked with every evil passion. According to the vivid description of Mr. Roylott， readers may feel uncomfortable and disgusting. On the contrary， Holmes shows his witty， bravery and humor.
When the wretched criminal rushes into the room， Holmes remains calm， and is neither humble nor pushy. He adopts humorous manner to refuse answering Mr. Roylott’s question. When Holmes faces threat and violence of Mr. Roylott， he still keeps his grace and spirit. Although he is not strong， he could fight with his courage， intelligence and humor.
4. Conclusion
This paper focuses on the characterization of Sherlock Holmes. Based on the theory of Deconstruction， there are two binary oppositions applied to discuss the characterization of Sherlock Holmes. It has been more than one hundred years since the emergence and existence of the characterization of Sherlock Holmes， but he is still outstanding among hundreds of detectives.
Sherlock Holmes has round and complete characters that attract readers from all over the world. The characteristics of amity， gentleness and humanity make people feel that Holmes is real and vivid. And his observational ability is really impressive that is vital to solve the case. In addition， readers are fascinated by Holmes’ passion， intelligence， humor and courage during the process of track down the criminal. Therefore， Holmes， who possesses creative imagination， keen ability to focus and concentrate outside of exterior distractions， has become the brilliant idol for detective readers.
注释：
i Mary Klages. Literature Theory： A Guide For The Perplexed. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2010.P.53
ii Mary Klages. Literature Theory： A Guide For The Perplexed. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2010.P.56
iii Mary Klages. Literature Theory： A Guide For The Perplexed. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2010.p.55
iv 袁弘庚，魏晓旭，冯立丽. The Detective Stories： Works and Criticism. Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching And Research Press. 2011. p. 75