辨明感官动词分词 巧做高考试题

时间:2022-07-26 11:14:03

辨明感官动词分词 巧做高考试题

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷II)第三节完形填空是一篇记叙文,叙述作者为孩子们准备盒式午餐的往事,她有一个在午餐盒里放置小纸条的习惯,来提醒他们一家共同期待的事情,可能是一场考试,或者一次体育赛事,内容大都是一些鼓励性的话语。开始孩子很喜欢,可是孩子长大了,就不再愿意看那种小纸条了。儿子Marc大学毕业后,回家小住一段时间。当他发现午餐盒里没有小纸条,就打电话询问妈妈,难道我做错什么了吗,难道妈妈不再爱我了吗?

原文如下:“Did I do something wrong? Don’t you love me any more, Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I 40 asked him what was wrong.选项如下: 40.A.interestinglyB.bitterlyC.politelyD.laughingly 正确选项是D。 学生很容易排除B,C两个选项,但是很多考生错选A项。因为从语境上分析既可以选择A. interestingly(有兴趣)因为孩子突然打电话询问“妈妈难道我做错什么了吗,难道妈妈不爱我了吗?”作为母亲当然有兴趣想知道;也可选择B.laughingly(笑着),从而体现妈妈对孩子的爱。为什么不能选用interestingly?此题的高明之处在于,看似辨别两个副词的语意,其实是通过构词法考查学生对现在分词和过去分词灵活运用。如果将A 项 interestingly改为interestedly,那就对了。v.+ing+ly 和v.+ed+ly的区别也就是现在分词v.+ing和过去分词v.+ed的区别。再看更多有关现在分词和过去分词构成的副词的例子: 1. She waved excitedly as the car approached. 意思是: She was excited as she waved. 副词 excitedly修饰动词wave,表示主语人的感受。2.They were excitedly discussing plans for the vacation. 意思是: They were excited when they were discussing plans for the vacation. 副词excitedly修饰动词discuss,表示人的感受。3.The site is interestingly designed and appears like a puzzle at first visit. 意思是:The design is interesting. 副词interestingly修饰动词design,表示事物所具有的性质。4.Interestingly enough, they were born on the same day, in the same month, and in the same year!意思是:That they were born on the same day, in the same month, and in the same year is interesting.副词interestingly修饰副词enough, 表示事物所具有的性质。

下面谈一谈分词中和感觉有关的及物动词的现在分词和过去分词的区别。在词性上他们都保持了形容词特征,现在分词往往表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词往往表示主语所处的状态。在语义上,现在分词往往表示主动意义,它所修饰的人或者物是分词动作的执行者,及令人有某种感觉,有“令人……”的含义。过去分词含有被动含义,即人被引起某种感觉,有“感到……”的意思。现在分词多用来指事或物,过去分词多用来指人。例如The question puzzled the boy. It means the question is a puzzling question. It is a puzzle to the boy. So the boy is puzzled. 人的声音或者表示表情的名词如:voice, cry, scream, looks, steps, smile, face也常用过去分词修饰,以表示人的感受。例1:Getting such a good job, he gave me a satisfied smile. 意思是:The smile told us that he was satisfied. 例2:His voice may sound excited. 意思是 His voice told us that he is excited 例3:There was an excited look on his face. 意思是The look on his face told us that he was excited.

试辨析 the puzzling boy 和 the puzzled boy 的区别。puzzling adj.令人困惑的;puzzledadj.感到困惑的。The puzzling boy means the boy is puzzling. 表示这个男孩是令人困惑的。有让人费解的性质。The puzzled boy means the boy is puzzled. 表示这个男孩是困惑的,强调孩子的感受。例如:He stood there watching with puzzled despair. 这里不用puzzling,因为despair(失望)体现了he(他)困惑的感受,表示他束手无策地站在那儿看着。

类似这样的感官及物动词还有好多。例如:

moving exciting

satisfying interesting

moved excited

satisfied interested

这类感官及物动词是高考考点,现在分词和过去分词的区别不仅体现在作定语上,还体现在作表语、状语、宾语补足语上。这就使非谓语动词略显复杂。例如:

(2007江苏)He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.

A. interested B. interesting

C. interest D. to interest

答案:A 此题考查make后加宾语补足语的用法。them是非谓语的逻辑主语,根据them可判断用interested,表示 “them” 感兴趣的感受。It means that they are interested.

(2003北京春季卷35) Mr. Smith, _____ ofthe_____speech, startedtoreadanovel.

A. tired;boring B. tiring; bored

C. tired;bored D. tiring;boring

答案:A.因为这个无聊枯燥的演讲,Mr. Smith感到厌烦。It means the speech was boring. boring 作定语表示演讲的性质是令人枯燥的, Mr. Smith was tired of the speech.tired of 作原因状语,表示Mr. Smith的感受。

由以上诸例,我们可以看到,感官类动词在日常生活和交际中使用频率很高,非常容易混淆,是近年高考的一个重要考点,我们有必要予以足够的重视。而要学好感官动词并辨别清楚其用法,是离不开具体语境的。首先要分清逻辑关系,在句子中找准主语,或者逻辑主语,看是表示令人有某种感觉,还是表示具有某种感受,再确定恰当的形式。要在具体的上下文中反复揣摩,比较现在分词、过去分词的区别:看是表示主语所具有的特征,还是主语所处的状态;是表示主动意义,还是含有被动含义;是它所修饰的人或者物是分词动作的执行者,令人有某种感觉,有“令人……”的含义,还是与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系,即人被引起某种感觉,有“感到……”的意思;是多用来指事或物,还是多用来指人。弄清了这几个方面的区别,再去做题便是迎刃而解了。

在高考复习中,要学会比较,善于联系,把各个散见的知识点串成线,织成网。要形成体系、网络。切忌支离破碎,就题论题。要善于归纳方法,总结规律。

作者单位:江苏徐州市第三中学

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