时间：2022-07-03 10:32:11
Abstract
This paper ranges and analyzes social benefits of the 12 mining cities’ mineral resources development in Ordos Basin by using a comprehensive evaluation method of social benefit. It involves the development of coal， oil and natural gas. On this basis， the paper points out a bit of problems and provides corresponding suggestions.
Key words： Social benefit； Mineral resources； Development； Ordos Basin
INTRODUCTION
Ordos Basin is the second largest sedimentary basin in China with an area of 370 thousand square kilometers， including the east of Gansu， most of Ningxia， northern parts of Shanxi and some areas in Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi. The basin has rich coal， oil and natural gas resources. Mineral resources exploitation has various influences on social and economic development in the area. Evaluating social benefits of mineral resources development scientifically and objectively will contribute to better understanding status and problems of mineral resources development， in order to provide decision principle for the local comprehensive， coordinated and sustainable development.
1. A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION METHOD OF SOCIAL BENEFITS OF MINERAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
The social benefits of mineral resources development in the paper refers to overall impacts that mineral resources development has on integrated social interest and allround development of the whole society. It is a generalized concept which includes the contribution of mining to the interests of local and overall country and the influence on many aspects of society， economy and ecological environment. Assessment is a comprehensive evaluation through establishing an index system objectively and reasonably.
1.1 Construction of Index System
The social benefits of mineral resources development includes the impacts on the national mineral resources security， local social economy， local people’s livelihood， the ecological environment and local social harmony.
The paper establishes the social benefits comprehensive evaluation index system of mineral resources development， as illustrated in Table 1.
1.3 The Comprehensive Evaluation
Direct comparison and calculation can not be made because indicator categories， properties and units in index system are different. Even there are apparent differences between orders of magnitude. So it is needed to standardize the data which are still recorded as Ci before evaluation.
The simplified formula of comprehensive evaluation of social benefits of mineral resources development：
Z = ∑aiCi1 i = 1， 2， 3…， 19
After compositing the major minerals， Ordos， Yulin， Wuhai are in the top three cities ranked by comprehensive scores. Yanan is in center position and Lvliang， Weinan and Wuzhong are the lowest three.
Ordos， Yulin’s major minerals have great resource advantages. Their coal and natural gas resources have high contribution to the security of China’s mineral resources. At the same time， the cities’ indicator scores are relatively high， which are closely related to the local socio-economy and the people’s livelihood， including urbanization， local fiscal revenue growth， the industrial structure， employment， income promotion， and social security， and thus have higher social benefits. Wuhai’s resource condition does not stand out， but it scores higher on the socio-economy and the people’s livelihood indicators. Therefore，Wuhai offers relatively higher social benefits.
Yanan has good economic， social， environmental indicators. With its obvious petroleum resource advantage， Yanan becomes the city with the highest score of oil city； and its coal resource does not have the superiority， so the comprehensive score in the coal cities ranks low. Although the overall score of Yan’an is in the middle after compositing the two kinds of main mineral resources， but its resources exploitation， especially the exploitation and utilization of oil resources plays an important role in protecting China’s oil security， promoting Yan’an’s economic development， increasing employment and improving the social security and people’s life.
Lv Liang， Weinan， Wu Zhong get the lowest comprehensive scores. Among them， Lvliang， and Weinan score lowest in coal cities， Wu Zhong scores lowest in oil cities. The main minerals of the three cities get weaker conditions， and the level of economic development， urbanization rate， income and social security level are low， environmental pollution from mining industry are more serious than other cities.
3 . S O M E P R O B L E M S A N D COUNTERMEASURES
3.1 The Problems
Through synthetically analysis and compare of social benefit comprehensive scores of mineral resources development of 12 prefecture-level city in Ordos Basin and the data of every index， it is not difficult to find problems：
i. The cities that social benefits comprehensive evaluation scores of mineral resources development is higher firstly perform that resources are abundant， the output value is higher and it makes a significant contribution to the national resources security， such as Ordos and Yulin. The economic structure of 12 cities whose social and economic development seriously depends on mineral resources development is single.
ii. Mineral resources development plays a vital role in economic growth of 12 cities. However， the improving functions on education， employment， social security are quite different between these cities. It may be related to work objectives， ideas and methods of local government. For instance， inputs of basic education are relatively small in Ordos； however， although resources are relatively less and the score is low in Wuhai and Tongchuan， resource development brings really interests of economic society and the people’s livelihood to local population. So they are in the top.
iii. With the development of mineral resources， the ecological environment problems of the cities are all prominent. But there are big differences between 12 cities. For example， the environmental management in Yanan is better. To some degree， it benefits from the development of red tourism. The score of ecological environment in Yulin is relatively low. The environment problems are more serious in Lvliang， Weinan and Wuzhong. It may be tightly tied to the local concept and understanding.
iv. Mineral resources development results in unbalance among different cities and the growing gap between rich and poor and living environment in different groups of the cities.
3.2 Policy Suggestions
i. Ordos Basin is an important energy base in China， resource industry will still be the main industry of the area for a long time in the future， and the development of local mineral resources should formulate feasible development plan， moderate development and certain reserve to ensure the safety of national mineral resource strategy.
ii.Government should attach great importance to ecological and environmental problems brought by development of mineral resources. On one hand， change the development concept， on the other hand， improve the technical and management level， develop circular economy， and strengthen the governance and protection of ecological environment.
iii. Local governments should appropriate tilt the benefits of mineral resource development to education， health care and social security， through implementing free compulsory education， medical treatment and social security in some degree so that the mineral development will better result for the people’s benefit and promote the social welfare level.
iv. Local governments should pay attention to regional development imbalances and the widening gap between rich and poor to increase social harmony. The governments should suit the measures to local conditions， adjust the local economic structure and seek new economic growth point with the development of mineral resources， to make the abundance or poor mineral area cities and counties obtain the economic rapid growth.
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