东莞塘厦地区“120”院前急救流行病学调查

[摘要] 目的 调查东莞市塘厦镇2009年1～12月完整年度的“120”院前急救资料，为“120”院前急救的组织管理提供客观资料。 方法 以东莞市塘厦医院急诊科2009年1～12月完整年度的院前急救病历为基础，采用回顾性分析，对年龄、性别、出车时间、出车量、病种分类等结果进行统计学处理分析。 结果 本组出车共3 755次，空车数674次（17.9%），2辆以上同时出车390次（10.39%），男性患者1 965例，女性患者1 116例，男女性别比为1.76∶1。时间段分布上在20:00～24:00、00:00～04:00、10:00～14:00形成3个急救高峰。高发年龄为20～29岁、30～39岁2个年龄组，占全部院前急救总数的61.06%。院前死亡占3.51%，以非创伤死亡为主。 结论 （1）创伤仍是院前急救的主要方向。加强交通法规的宣传教育、社会治安的综合管理以及安全生产教育可望大大降低创伤的发病率。（2）重视对院前急救的制度建设。管理与合理投入、加强急救中心的急救技术培训对提高院前急救反应速度，提高对危重症患者的抢救成功率有重大意义。

[关键词] 院前急救；流行病学；创伤；调查

[中图分类号] R197.61 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1674-4721（2012）07（b）-0185-03

Tangxia Regional Epidemiological Survey of 120-First Aid in 2009

YUAN Xun XUE Feng XIA Gengyu

Emergency Department, Tangxia Hospital of Dongguan City in Guangdong Province, Dongguan 523710, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the 120-first aid on pre-hospital emergency data of Tangxia town of Dongguan city from Jan. to Dec. 2009, to provide objective information for 120 pre-hospital emergency management and organization. Methods Based on a full year pre-hospital emergency medical records in the Emergency department, Tangxia hospital of Dongguan city from Jan. to Dec. 2009, a retrospective analysis was adopted, the results regarding to age, gender, frequency and turnout time of ambulance, and classification of diseases had been handled by statistical analysis. Results There were 3 755 turnout time of ambulance in this group, 674 times of empty (17.9%), while the frequency of more than two ambulances-out were 390 (accounting for 10.39%), 1 965 cases for male patients, 1 116 cases for female patients, ratio of male to female was 1.76∶1. Three emergency summits formed at range from 20:00-24:00, 00:00-04:00, 10:00-14: 00. High-frequency at two age groups from 20 to 29 years and 30 to 39 years. It was 61.06% in the total number of pre-hospital emergency. Pre-hospital deaths accounted for 3.51%, most were non-traumatic death. Conclusion (1) Trauma is still the main direction of pre-hospital emergency. The strengthen education of traffic laws to public, comprehensive management of social security, and safety education are expected to reduce the incidence of trauma significantly. (2) The emphasis on the construction of pre-hospital emergency system is strongly needed. Management, rational investment and enhancement of first aid training at emergency center can significantly improve pre-hospital emergency response times and success rate of resuscitation rate of critical patients.