从高考题看定语从句的考点

摘 要：定语从句在英语教学中具有十分重要的作用，本文就定语从句中常见的几种考点进行分析和归纳，通过历年来高考实例来剖析定语从句的做题技巧。从而使定语从句这个语法点更好地服务于英语教学实践活动。

关键词：定语从句 关系词 分类 教学实践

中图分类号：G62 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-9795（2013）06（c）-0104-02

纵观历届高考试题，定语从句仍是近五年高考的热点。2012年高考共考了14小题，主要考查非限制性定语从句（特别是先行词是整个句子时）。此外，“分割性定语从句”也是近年来的热点之一。本文将综合高考试题对定语从句考查的热点进行归纳整理，希望对同学们有所帮助。

1 几个常见关系词在高考中的考查

1.1 引导定语从句并在从句中作定语的关系代词只用whose，先行词即可以是人，也可以是物

例1：The prize will go to the writer______ story shows the most imagination.（2011全国卷1）

A.that B.Which C.whose D.what

简析：根据句意应是the writer’s story shows the most imagination.故选C。

例2：Many children，______ parents are away working in big cities，are taken care of in the village.（2009安徽）

A.their B.whose C.of them D. with whom

简析：该句意是Many children’s parents are away working in big cities.故选B。

1.2 which引导的定语从句所指的内容不同

有时指代前面的先行词，有时指代前面的整个句子。

例3：As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_______ is named after his grandfather.（2010全国1卷）

A.which B.where C.what D.that

简析：which代指the village school

例4：They’ve won their last three matches，______ I find a bit surprising actually.（2009辽宁）

A.that B.when C.what D.which

简析：which代指前面整句话They’ve won their last three matches的内容。

1.3 when和where引导的定语从句

例5：What do you think of teaching，Bob？

I find it fun and challenging. It is a job______ you are doing something serious but interesting.（2009北京）

A.where B.which C.when D.that

简析：根据句意应是you are doing something serious but interesting in the job.先行词是job，从句中缺地点状语。故选A。

例6：She will never forget her stay there______ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.（2009四川）

A.that B.which C.where D.when

简析：该题先行词为stay，代入定语从句后为：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there。因此stay在此看成表时间的名词，故选答案D。

例7：Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

A.which B.that C.when D.where

简析：先行词为position，从句中缺地点状语，故选答案D。

2 定语从句的“分隔 ”现象

因从句过长，为使句子平衡起见，而将从句和所修饰的先行词分开；有时使用“插入语”增加语言的灵活性，同时也增加做题的难度。

例7：（2011天津卷）10.The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A.when B.that C.where D.which

简析：先行词为The days因从句过长，中间被are gone隔开，故答案为A.

例8：We saw several natives advancing towards our party ，and one of them came up to us，________ we gave some bells and glasses. （2006湖南）

A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which

简析：根据先行词为one of them，中间被came up to us隔开，故答案为B.

例9：（2011北京卷）26.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others， _________，of course，make all the others upset.

A.who B.which C.what D.that

简析：句中of course 为插入语，去掉后不影响句子意思。故答案为B.

3 误用关系代词

3.1 误用 that与what

误：All what she could do was to go back home.

正：All that she could do was to go back home.

定语从句不受what引导。All做先行词词时，定于从句用that引导，其次，诸如复合不定代词nothing everything等，是先行词，或者被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰的先行词，可用that而不用which。

3.2 Who与whom误用

误：The audiences，most of who were women，welcomed the new actor.

正：The audiences，most of whom were women，welcomed the new actor.

关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰人时用Whom，不能用who；同样，关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰物时用which如：Two boy students Chang Jiang university，for whom lives were priceless，died for saving two drowning students.

3.3 that与which误用

误：My house， that I bought last year，has got a lovely garden.

正：My house，which I bought last year，has got a lovely garden.非限制定语从句，用关系代词which引导.

3.4 that 与who误用

误：Do you know the things and persons who they are talking about？

正：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？

先行词在多个，且既是人又是物时，要用关系代词that引导定词从句。

当然，定语从句由于具有先行词的复杂性、关系词的多样性，以及从句中成分的多变形，位置的灵活性等特点，考查的角度较多。因此，建议碰到从句时要想一想它的意义与功能，理清思路，从而为平日英语的学习和未来的高考奠定基础。

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