锥颅引流术与小骨窗开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效对比

时间:2022-06-02 06:57:23

锥颅引流术与小骨窗开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效对比

[摘要] 目的 对比锥颅引流术与小骨窗开颅显微手术治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的临床疗效。 方法 回顾分析2006~2012年在我科治疗的126例高血压基底节区脑出血患者,其出血量在30~60 mL之间,其中60例患者在CT平片定位下锥颅软通道(即一次性使用颅脑外引流器)置管引流术,设为钻孔引流组,余66例患者行小骨窗开颅,显微镜下行血肿清除术,设为开颅组。观察两种不同方法治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。 结果 开颅组手术时间长于钻孔引流组(P0.05);钻孔引流组术后再出血率明显高于开颅组,出院随访3~6个月,开颅组日常生活能力(ADL)与钻孔引流组之间无明显差异(P>0.05),但开颅组轻度残疾+无功能障碍为86.4%,而钻孔引流组为80.0%,开颅组优于钻孔引流组(P

[关键词] 小骨窗开颅;锥颅引流术;高血压基底节区出血

[中图分类号] R651.11 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)16-0030-03

[Abstract] Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of trepanation and drainage with small bone window craniotomy microsurgical technique in the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia. Methods A total of 126 hypertensive patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage from 2006 to 2012 undergoing surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed, the amount of hematoma was between 30-60 mL. 60 patients received trepanation and drainage in the guidance of the CT scan were as drainage group, another 66 cases of patients received small bone window craniotomy with microscopes were as craniotomy group. The clinical efficacy of the two different methods in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were observed. Results The operative time of craniotomy was much more longer than drainage group (P0.05). The postoperative rebleeding in drilling drainage group was significantly higher than the craniotomy group. The 3-6 months discharge follow-up showed that there was no difference in the activities of daily living (ADL) in craniotomy group and drill drainage group (P>0.05). But mild disabilities+no dysfunction group of craniotomy group (86.4%), which was higher than that of drainage group (80.0%) (P

[Key words] Small bone window craniotomy; Awl cranium drainage; Hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage

高血压脑出血是临床常见的疾病,发病急、死亡率高、致残率高。目前多数神经科医生认为手术治疗优于内科治疗,而采用何种手术方式达到最佳治疗效果至关重要。本文结合2006~2012年我院行手术治疗高血压基底节区脑出血患者126例,对锥颅引流术与小骨窗开颅术治疗高血压脑出血手术疗效进行比较及分析,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 临床资料

选择我院2006~2012年行手术治疗的高血压基底节区脑出血患者126例,男71例,女55例,年龄48~80岁,平均(62.5±4.9)岁,高血压病史1~30年。所有患者均行头颅CT确诊为基底节区脑出血,其中破入脑室但脑室内无铸形28例。发病至入院时间均≤72 h,经计算出血量30~60 mL,均以多田方程公式计算(不包括破入脑室内血肿)。患者均以突发起病入院,临床表现包括头晕、头痛、意识障碍、失语、偏瘫、一侧肢体麻木等。126例中开颅组66例,男38例,女28例;年龄51~79岁,平均(63.7±6.3)岁;出血量(48.73±7.6)mL;高血压病程1~30年,平均(19.48±7.40)年;一侧瞳孔散大11例;术前意识评分:GCS评分10~13分17例,8~10分35例,4~8分14例,伴有脑疝5例。钻孔引流组60例,男33例,女27例;年龄48~80岁,平均(61.5±9.4)岁;出血量(46.34±6.6)mL;高血压病程3~30年,平均(21.18±8.20)年;一侧瞳孔散大9例;术前意识评分:GCS评分10~13分13例,8~10分36例,4~8分11例,无脑疝患者。两组的一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。

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