聚焦so的用法

He was ill yesterday so he didn’t go to school.(他昨天生病，所以没来上学。)此句中的so是连词，表因果关系。除此以外， so常作副词和代词等。中考中对so的考查，往往体现在某些句型、结构、固定搭配中。为拉近so与同学们的距离，咱们一起走进有关so的各焦点中吧！

[焦点一] So +系动词(助动词或情态动词)+主语

意为“某人/物也如此”，此结构表示前句叙述的情况也同样适合后句的人或物，相当于“主语+谓语动词+…，too”。例如：

A.―Mary likes playing the guitar.玛丽喜欢弹吉他。

―So does Kate.凯 特也喜欢。

B.―I went swimming last week.上周我去游泳了。

―So did I. I like it very much. 我也去过。我非常喜欢这项活动。

C.He can swim in the river, and so can I.

他能在河里游泳，我也能。

注意：⑴此结构中的主语须为不同的人或物;⑵此句型为倒装语序;⑶so相当于in the same way。

[焦点二] So +主语+系动词(助动词或情态动词)。

意为“……的确如此”， 此结构是就前面提到的事实予以确认，表示B赞同A的话。例如：

A.―It may be in that pocket.

―Ah, so it is.

B.―Tom did very well in the exam last Monday.

―So he did.

注意：⑴此结构中的主语为相同的人或物;⑵此句型为正常语序;⑶ so相当于indeed，certainly。

[焦点三] 主语+实义动词+so

此结构中常见的动词有：do/does, think, hope, suppose, believe，except，say， imagine，hear等。例如：

A.―Mr. King has given up smoking. 金先生已戒烟了。

―I wonder why he did so.我奇怪他为何这样做。

B.―Is it going to snow?要下雪了吗？

―I think so.我想是的。

注意：⑴上下文的主语往往相同;⑵该结构中的so是代词,代指上文中所提到的人或物。

[焦点四]“so…that…”结构与其他句型的转换是中考命题的热点和焦点，将这两种情况剖析如下:

⑴当that从句是肯定句,其主语与主句主语相同时, 可用“…enough (for sb.) to do sth.”替换。例如：

A.The man is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.

The man is strong enough to carry the heavy box.

B.He spoke so loudly that we could hear what he said clearly.

He spoke loudly enough for us to hear what he said clearly.

⑵当that从句是否定句,其主语与主句主语相同时, 可用“too…(for sb.) to do sth.”替换。例如：

A.The girl is so young that she can’t dress herself.

The girl is too young to dress herself.

B.The question is so difficult that I can’t answer it.

The question is too difficult for me to answer.

注意：在“…enough (for sb.) to do sth.”和“too…(for sb.) to do sth.”两种句型中，若主语与动词不定式的逻辑宾语相同，必须省略逻辑宾语。

[焦点五]要区别和掌握好so与such的用法

so和such都表示“如此”“这样”，但so常用做副词，such是形容词，它们的位置也不同。在“such a/an +形容词+单数名词”结构中, such可以换成so, 但a/an要置于形容词之后。如：such an interesting story so interesting a story。在名词前若有many, much, few, little修饰时，必须用so。例如：

The little girl has never seen so many foreigners that she is very shy.

这个小女孩从未见过这么多外国人，使得她很腼腆。

[焦点六]正确使用与so相关的短语。

⑴and so on如此等等。例如：

He bought pots, bowls, dishes, and so on.

他买了锅、碗、碟等物品。

⑵so as to为了……。例如：

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点儿进去，别吵醒孩子。

⑶so far as就……。例如：

So far as I know, he can speak two languages.

就我所知，他能说两种语言。

⑷so that以便，为了。 例如：

I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.

我租了一条船，为的是可以去钓鱼。

⑸ or so大约，左右。例如：

Can you lend me a dollar or so? 能不能借我一美元？

⑹ so far 到目前为止。例如：

So far, so good.

⑺So long! [口语] 再见!

⑻ so-and-so 某某人，某某事。例如：

Comrade so-and-so 某某同志

练一练：

选择正确答案。

1.Marx made _______ progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper.

A.suchB.so many C.so much D.so rapid

2.His teacher told him to go over all the words he had learned and __________.

A.so did heB.so he didC.so does heD.as he did

3. _________ I know, Peter has no intention of buying a new car.

A.So much soB.As long asC.As so far asD.So far as

4.Mary speaks English well, __________ her sister.

A.so isB.such does C.so studies D.so does

5.You say he works hard, __________, and _____________.

A.so does he; so do youB.so he does; so you do

C.so does he; so you do D.so he does; so do you

Keys:1―5CADDD