时间：2022-02-17 02:03:03
形容词、副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。今天我们主要讨论一下形容词比较级的构成及用法。
一、构成
1.规则变化:①在词尾直接加-er ;②重读闭音节结尾的词双写最后一个字母再加-er ;③以字母e结尾的词直接加-r ;④以辅音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i,再加-er。例如:
short―shorter, nice―nicer, thin―thinner, easy―easier
2.多音节和部分双音节词,在前面加more 构成。例如:
boring―more boring, useful―more useful, beautiful―more beautiful
3.不规则变化的词要牢记。
good/well―better, bad/ill―worse, much/many―more,
old―older/elder, little―less, far―farther/further
二、基本用法
1.如果没有比较,就用原级。例如:
The moon is very big tonight.
今晚月亮很大。
2.比较级用于两者(人或事物)的比较,表示其中一个比另一个“更……”或“较……”,后面用连词than 连接另一个所比较的人或事物。例如:
It’s colder today than yesterday.
今天比昨天冷。
I think Jackie Chan is stronger than ordinary people.
我认为成龙比普通人要强壮一些。
3.在上下文明确的情况下,比较级也可单独使用。例如:
The first lesson is difficult. But the second is more difficult.
第一课难,但第二课更难。
三、特殊用法
1.有两个比较级的形容词,应注意它们在句中的不同意义。
older 意思是“更破旧的;比较老的”;elder 意思是“年龄比较大的”。例如:
Xiao Xia’s Chinese book is older than Xiao Li’s.
小霞的语文书比小丽的破旧。
Mr Wang is older than Mr Li.
王老师比李老师年龄大。
His elder brother is 3 years older than he.
他哥哥比他大三岁。
farther 意思是“比较远的”;further 意思是“进一步的,深一层的”。例如:
Gao Hui’s home is farther from the school than Hou Jie’s.
高慧的家比侯捷的离学校远一些。
He’ll do further study in Beijing next year.
明年他要在北京深造。
2.两者比较,表示程度相同用“as +原级+as”;表示程度不同,一方不如另一方用“not as/so +原级+as”。例如:
Her skirt is as beautiful as yours.
她的裙子和你的一样漂亮。
John isn’t as/so careful as Tom in class.
在课堂上约翰不如汤姆认真。
(也可说成:John is less careful than Tom in class.)
3.表示“比……多/大几倍”时一般用“倍数+as +原级+as”。例如:
Today this library is twice as big as it was five years ago.
今天这个图书馆是五年前的两倍大。
Her dress costs three times as much as her younger sister’s.
她的连衣裙比她妹妹的贵三倍。
4.表示差数用“数词+名词+比较级+than”。例如:
You are 10 cm taller than I.
你比我高十厘米。
She is 20 jin heavier than he.
她比他重二十斤。
5.表示最高级含义,一般使用“... than any other +单数名词”或“... than the other +复数名词”或“... than anybody/anything else”。例如:
Gina is taller than any other girl/the other girls in her class.
吉娜比班上的任何一个女孩都高。(即她是班上最高的女孩)
Gao Xia is 26 years old and she is younger than anybody else in the office.
高霞26岁,她比办公室里的任何人都年轻。(即她是最年轻的)
四、注意问题
1.比较级的修饰语
在比较级的前面可以放上一些表示程度的词语,以加强语气,使意思更加明确。但比较级前一般不用very, too, so, quite 等词来修饰。而常用a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, rather, still, no, any, much/many, even, far等来修饰。例如:
This room is a little more comfortable than that room.
这个房间比那个房间稍微舒服一点。
The Yangtze River is much longer than the Yellow River.
长江比黄河长得多。
This film is even funnier than that one.
这部电影比那部更滑稽。
2.比较级中不用than 的情况
(1)在“the +比较级+of the two”结构中,表示“两者之中较……的一个”,不用than。例如:
He is the fatter of the two boys.
他是两个男孩中较胖的一个。
(2)在“比较级+and +比较级”结构中表示“越来越……”,不用than。例如:
She is thinner and thinner but more and more beautiful.
她越来越瘦了,但是越来越漂亮了。
(3)在“the +比较级(+主语+谓语),the +比较级(+主语+谓语)”结构中,表示“越……,就越……”,不用than。例如:
The faster, the better.
越快越好。
In the exam, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
考试中,你越仔细,犯的错误就越少。
(4)在“形容词比较级+名词”结构中,比较级作定语时,不用than。例如:
Kong Rong took a smaller pear.
孔融拿了一个较小的梨。
(5)在“Which +比较级,A or B?”结构中,不用than。例如:
Which is more useful, the English-Chinese dictionary or the Chinese-English dictionary?
英汉词典和汉英词典,哪个更有用?
3.含than 的常用易混短语
more than (多于,超过);no more than(只有);not more than (至多,不超过);less than (少于,不到); no less than(有……之多);not less than(不少于)。例如:
They planted more than 1,200 trees on the hill yesterday.
昨天他们在山上栽了1,200多棵树。
There are not less than 100,000 people lost their lives in the earthquake.
在地震中失去生命的不下10万人。
五、走出误区
误区1:比较对象不一致。
一班的学生比二班的聪明。
误:The students from Class 1 are cleverer than Class 2.
正:The students from Class 1 are cleverer than those from Class 2.
误区2:比较包括自身,不合逻辑。
中国比亚洲的任何国家都大。
误:China is larger than any country in Asia.
正:China is larger than any other country/the other countries in Asia.
误区3:滥用修饰语。
太阳比月亮大多了。
误:The sun is too bigger than the moon.
正:The sun is much bigger than the moon.
误区4:两种比较等级混用。
这本杂志比那两本新。
误:This magazine is the newest than those two magazines.
正:This magazine is newer than those two magazines.
误区5:形式混用。
老鼠比大象小多了。
误:The mouse is more smaller than the elephant.
正:The mouse is much/far smaller than the elephant.
误区6:语序不当。
她比他高一头。
误:She is taller a head than he.
正:She is a head taller than he.
误区7:错用等级。
露茜在那对双胞胎中是较差的一个。
误:Lucy is the worst of the twins.
正:Lucy is the worse of the twins.
误区8:复数名词前的more 或fewer用much修饰。
电脑比过去多得多。
误:There are much more computers than there used to be.
正:There are many/far more computers than there used to be.
学生比我预料的要少。
误:There are much fewer students than I expected.
正:There are many/far fewer students than I expected.
[巩固练习]
1. Mary is _______ at English than her brother.
A. good B. well
C. betterD. best
2. The boy is _______ than me, but he eats
than me.
A. younger, moreB. young, much
C. young, manyD. more young, more
3. The air in Beijing is getting much_______now than a few years ago.
A. cleanB. cleaner
C. cleanest D. the cleanest
4. ―In our English study, reading is more important than speaking, I think.
―I don’t agree. Speaking is_______reading.
A. as important asB. so important as
C. the most importantD. the same as
5. Soccer is becomingin China today.
A. popular and popular
B. most popular
C. more and more popular
D. more popular and more popular
6. Jack is really_______and_______than I am.
A. funny, outgoing
B. funny, more outgoing
C. funnier, outgoing
D. funnier, more outgoing
7.―We spent all our money because we stayed at the most expensive hotel in town.
―Why didn’t you stay at _______one?
A. a cheapB. a cheaper
C. the cheapD. the cheaper
8. The population of Shanghai is larger_______Tianjin.
A. than ofB. than in
C. than that of D. than that in
9. I’m sixteen. My friend is eighteen. So I’m_______he.
A. as old as
B. not younger than
C. not so young as
D. two years younger than
10. This year, it doesn’t snow as_______last year.
A. more than B. many as
C. much as D. more as
11.―Remember, boys and girls. _______you work, _______ result you will get.
―We know, Miss Wang.
A. The better, the harder
B. The harder, the better
C. The hard, the better
D. The harder, the good
12. Our monitor takes more exercise every day, for he believes _______he does, _______ he’ll be.
A. the less, the stronger
B. the more, the thiner
C. the more, the stronger
D. more, stronger
13. Wang Ziteng isChen Meiling.
A. as a girl cute as
B. so a girl cute as
C. as cute a girl as
D. so cute a girl as
Key: 1-5 CABAC 6-10 DBCDC
11-13 BCC