谈that的用法

that在英文中是一个使用频率很高的单词，同时也是高考考查的重点和难点。如果不能熟练掌握其用法，很可能会影响高考成绩。现将that的用法总结归纳如下：

一、that 用作代词

1. that用作指示代词，指较远的人或物。

Whos that?那是谁？

Thats Joe over there. 那边那个人是乔。

指示代词that作替代词指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示特指，同一类但不是同一个，在比较句型中较为常用。

The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中国的人口数量比日本的人口数量大得多。

2. that用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词既可指人也可指物，用法相当于who或which。

I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.

我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。

注意：当the way作先行词，并在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用that或in which或省略。此时，that作关系副词。

I didnt like the way he talked to me. 我不喜欢他跟我讲话的方式。

二、that用作副词，相当于so

I cant jump that high.我跳不了那么高。

I didnt realize she was that ill.我没想到她病得那么重。

三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句

1. that引导名词性从句

1）引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略，但如果是并列的宾语从句，第一个that 可省略，第二个that及以后的都不省略。

I know that nothing would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.

我知道没有什么会使他灰心，他永远也不会放弃想成为一名导演的愿望。

2）引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。

It occurred tothat/it struckthat... 某人突然想起……

It is reported/said/believed/proved that...据报道/据说/人们相信/已经证实……

3）引导表语从句

One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.

她喜欢城市生活的原因之一是去超市和饭店很方便。

4）引导同位语从句

The fact that she was a foreigner made it difficult for her to get a job in that country.

她是外国人这一事实使她很难在那个国家找到一份工作。

2. that引导状语从句

so that(以便,以致), so+ adj./adv. + that(如此……以至于),such+ n.+ that(如此……以至于)

Id like to arrive 20 minutes early so that I can have time for a cup of tea.

我早到20分钟，目的是能有时间喝杯茶。

The two girls are so alike that the strangers find it difficult to tell from one to the other.

这两个女孩长得如此相像，以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。

3. that引导强调句

It is/was +强调部分+ that（指人可用who） +其他部分

Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.

约翰的成功和好运气没有关系，正是多年的努力工作才使他有了今天。

高考链接：

1.（2011北京卷）The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase_______.

A.themB. those

C. itD. that

解析：本题考查代词的用法。答案为C。it代指上文提到的名词the employment rate。A项指代复数名词；B项指代复数名词；D项指代上文意思。很多学生误选D，that指同一类而不是同一个，本题就指上文提到的the employment rate，所以选it。

2.（2011天津卷）Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases.

A. whatB. which

C. thatD. where

解析：本题考查名词性从句中同位语从句的用法。从句句意完整，不缺句子成分，故用that 引导同位语从句，答案为C。

3.（2011辽宁卷）When the news came _______ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.

A. sinceB. which

C. thatD. because

解析：本题考查名词性从句中同位语从句的用法，答案为C。

4. (2011山东卷) The old town has narrow streets and small houses _______ are built close to each other.

A. theyB. where

C. whatD. that

解析：本题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。先行词为small houses，that 代替先行词并在定语从句中作主语，故答案为D。

（作者单位：河南省嵩县第一职业技术高中）