孤岛英雄鲁宾逊

《鲁宾逊漂流记》（RobinsonCrusoe）是英国作家丹尼尔・笛福（Daniel Defoe，1660―1731）最著名的小说。整个小说写得离奇而有真实感，引人入胜，是一部集思想性、文学性和艺术性为一体的描写流浪汉的通俗性经典名著。面对人生困境，鲁宾逊的所作所为，显示了一个硬汉的坚毅性格和英雄本色，体现了资产阶级上升时期的创造精神和开拓精神。现在，在西方，“鲁宾逊”已经成为冒险家的代名词和千千万万读者心目中的英雄。

英国青年鲁宾逊怀着云游四海的高远志向，告别家人，越过大西洋和太平洋在惊心动魄的航海历程中经历无数险情，后来他所乘的整条船在太平洋上不幸罹难，惟有他一人得以奇迹般地活下来，并只身来到一座荒无人烟的小岛上。他从绝望的缝隙中得到了生命的启示，在孤岛上顽强奋斗度过了几十年。他在孤岛上劳作生息，开拓荒地，圈养牲畜，种植水稻和小麦，年复一年与孤独为伴，克服了种种常人难以克服的困难。他曾与野兽斗智，也曾与吃人肉的野人斗勇。在岛上的第24年，他搭救了一个野人，给他取名为“星期五”。在他的培养下，“星期五”成了一个忠实的奴仆。就这样，鲁宾逊在荒岛上建立了自己的物质和精神王国。

For twoyearsIneverwent anywhere without my gun. I felt lonely and afraid，and had many sleepless nights. One night there was a very bad storm， and I thought I heard the sound of guns out at sea. The next morning I lookedout， andsawa ship. Itwas lying on its side not far from the shore.Quickly， Iputmylittleboatinthe water and sailed out to it.

There were two dead men on the ship，but no one alive.The bodies of the other sailors were lost in the sea. I took some clothes and tools， and also aboxofSpanishgoldandsilver money. I was a rich man now， but what use was money to me?I couldnot buy anything with it.

I wanted people， a friend， somebody to talk tosomebody who could help me escape from my island.One morning I woke up and made a plan. “I’ll try to catch one of the prisoners of the wild men，” I said to myself. “He’ll be happy to be alive and perhaps he’ll help me to escape.” I watched day and night， but for a year and a halftherewere no boats.

Then one day five boats came.There were about thirty men and they hadtwoprisoners. Theymadetheir fire on the sand and danced round it.Then they killed one of the prisoners and began to cook their terrible meal.The second prisoner waited under the trees， withtwomentowatchhim. Suddenly， the prisoner turned and ran.The two men ran after him，but the other wild men were busy round the fire and did not see whatwas happening.

The prisoner ran like a wild goat，and soon I saw that he was comingnear the bottom of my hill. As fast as I could， I ran down the hill and jumped out of the trees between the prisoner and the two wild men.I hit the first man with the wooden end of my gun and he fell down， but I had to shoot the second man. The poor prisoner did not move. He was afraid of the noise of my gun.

I called to him and tried to show him that I was friendly.Slowly，he moved nearer to me， but just then the first wild man began to get up from the ground. Then the prisoner spoke and I understood that he wanted my sword.How happy I was to hear words again!I gave him my sword， and at once he cut off the head of his enemy.

Hurriedly， we hid the dead bodies under some leaves，and then left quickly.Itookmyprisonerto my secretcaveontheother side of the island and gave him food and drink.After that， he went to sleep.

He was a fine young man， about twenty-fiveyearsold， tall and well-built， with a kind face and a nice smile.Hehadabrownskin， blackhair， bright eyes and strong white teeth.I decided to give him the name of “Man Friday”， because I first saw him on a Friday.

When he woke up in the morning，heranoutto me. I was milking my goats in the field，and he got down onthe ground and put his head near my foot. I understood that he was thanking me， and I tried to show him that I was his friend.

I began to teach him to speak English，and soon he could say his name，“Master”， “Yes”and “No”.How good it was to hear a man’s voice again!

Later that day we went back to my first house.Wewentcarefully along the beach，but there were no boats and no wild men. Just blood and bones all over the sand. I felt ill， but Friday wanted to eat the pieces of men’s bodies which were still on the ground. Ishowedhimthatthiswas terrible for me， and he understood.

When we got to my house， I gave Friday some trousers， and I made him acoatandahat. Helikedhisnew clothes very much. Then I made him a little tent to sleep in， but for a few weeks I always took my gun to bed with me.Perhaps Friday was still awild man and would try to kill me in thenight.Atfirst， Fridaywas very afraid of my gun. Sometimes he talked to it， and asked it not to kill him.

Friday was a quick learner and his English got better day by day. He helped me with the goats and with the work in the cornfields，and soon we were good friends. I enjoyed teaching him and， most of all， having a friend to talk to. This was the happiest of all my years on the island.

Friday and I livedtogether happily for three years. I told him the story of myadventuresandaboutlifein England，and he told me about his country and his people.One day， we wereat the top of the highest hill on the island， and we were looking out to sea. It was a very clear day and we couldseealongway.Suddenly， Friday began to jump up and down， very excited.

“What’s the matter?” I said.

“Look， Master，look!”Friday cried. “Icanseemycountry. Look over there!”

I looked， and there to the north-west，between the sea and the sky， was a long thin piece of land. I learnt later that it was the island ofTrinidad，and that my island was in the mouth of the River Orinoco on the north coast of South America.

I began tothinkagainaboutescape.Perhaps Friday wanted to go home too. Perhaps together we could get to his country.But what then?Would Friday still be my friend，or would his people kill me and eat me?

I took Friday to the other side of theislandandshowedhim my big canoe. It still lay under the trees. It was very old now， and there were holes in the wood .

“Could a boat like this sail to your country， Friday ?” I asked him.

“Oh yes，” he answered. “A boat like this can carry a lot of food and drink.”

“Then we’ll make another canoe like it， and you can go home in it. ” I said.

But Friday looked very unhappy.“Whyareyouangrywithme ?”he asked.“What have I done?Why do you want to send me home?”

“But I thought you wanted to go home.” I said

“Yes. But you must come with me.Kill me if you want， but don’t send me away from you !”

Then I saw that Friday was a true friend， and so I agreed to go with him.We began towork on the canoe at once. Fridaychosethetreehimself―he understood wood better than I did―and we cut it down. We worked hard and in a month the boat was finished.Two weeks later it was in the sea， and we began to get ready for our long journey.

两年来，我无论去哪儿都带着枪。我感到孤独和害怕，许多晚上无法入睡。一天晚上刮了一场非常大的风暴。我想我听到了海上的枪声。第二天早晨我往外望去，我看到一只轮船斜躺在离海岸不远的海面上。我迅速地把我的小船拖下水并朝大船驶去。

船上有两个死人，但没有人活着，其他水手的尸体都消失在海上。我带走一些衣服和工具，还有一箱西班牙金币和银币，现在我成了一个富翁，但这些钱对我有什么用呢？我用它们什么也买不到。

我渴望着人类，一个朋友，一个可以谈话的人……一个可以帮助我逃离孤岛的人。有天早上我醒来有了个计划。“我要试着搭救一个野人的俘虏，”我自言自语，“他将因为活着而高兴，可能他会帮助我逃跑。”我日夜守望着，但一年半过去了，却再也没见到船只出现。

有一天，海上来了五只船，大约有30个人和两个俘虏。他们在沙滩上生火并围着火跳舞，然后他们杀了一个俘虏并开始烤他们那可怕的食物。另一个俘虏在树下等候，留有两个人看守。突然，俘虏转身就跑，那两个人在后面追赶，但其余的野人围着火忙着，并没有看见发生的事。

那俘虏像一只野山羊在奔跑，不一会儿我看到他已跑到我的山脚下。我尽快地跑下山去，从俘虏和另两个野人之间的树丛里跳出来。我用木制的枪柄击倒第一个野人，但我却不得不开枪打死第二个。可怜的俘虏一动不动，他被枪声吓呆了。

我大声招呼他，努力向他表明我是友好的。他慢慢地向我靠近，但这时第一个野人开始从地上爬起来。然后这俘虏说话了，我明白了他是需要我的剑。能够听到人的语言我是多么高兴啊！我给他剑，他立刻砍掉了敌人的脑袋。

我们急忙把尸体藏到一些落叶下面，然后迅速离开。我把俘虏带到岛的另一面我秘密的洞穴，并给他食物和水，不久，他睡着了。

他是一个可爱的年轻人，大约25岁，身材高大健壮，憨厚的脸上带着善意的微笑。他生着褐色皮肤、黑头发、明亮的眼睛和坚固的白牙齿。我决定叫他“仆人星期五”，因为我是在星期五第一次见到他的。

他早上醒来，跑到我的身边。我正在田里挤羊奶，他跪在地上把头贴在我的脚边。我明白他在感谢我，我努力向他表明我是他的朋友。

我开始教他说英语，不久，他能够说他的名字、“主人”及“是”与“不是”。重新听到人的声音是多么美妙啊！

那天傍晚，我们要回到我第一次建造的房子去，我们沿着海边小心地走着，但那儿没有船和野人，只有血迹和尸骨散落在沙滩上，我感到恶心，但星期五想吃地上的尸体碎块，我向他表示这对我来说很可怕，他明白了。

当我们回到房子里，我给了星期五几条裤子，而且给他做了件外套和一顶帽子，他非常喜欢他的新衣服。然后我给他搭了一顶小帐篷睡觉，但一连几个星期我总是带着枪睡觉，或许星期五还是一个野人，他会在夜里杀了我。开始，星期五害怕我的枪，有时他对枪说话，请求枪不要杀死他。

星期五学得很快，他的英语讲得一天比一天好。他帮我养山羊和在玉米地里干活，不久我们成了好朋友。我乐于教他，最重要的是有一个朋友可以谈话，这是我在岛上最快乐的一段时光。

我和星期五一起幸福地生活了三年，我告诉他我的冒险经历和在英国的生活，他告诉我有关他的国家及人民。一天，我们站在岛上最高的山顶眺望大海，天气十分睛朗，我们可以看得很远。突然，星期五跳上跳下，非常兴奋。

“发生了什么事？”我说。

“看，主人，看哪！”星期五叫起来。“我能看见我的国家。看，就在那儿。”

我看到从这儿往西北，在海天之间，有一片狭长的土地。我后来知道这是特立尼达岛，而我的岛在南美洲北部海岸的奥里诺科河的河口。

我又重新开始考虑逃离。也许星期五也想回家，或许我们能一起回到他的国家。但那会怎样呢？星期五仍会是我的朋友吗，或者他的伙伴会杀死并吃掉我吗？

我把星期五带到岛的另一边，向他展示我的巨大的独木舟。它仍躺在树下。现在它已经很旧了，木头上出现了一些洞。

“星期五，像这样的船能驶到你的国家吗？”我问他

“哦，能，”他回答说。“像这样的船能装运许多食物和水。”

“那么我们将制造另一只差不多的独木舟，你就可以乘着它回家了。”我说。

但星期五看起来很不开心。“你为什么生我的气呢？”他问。“我做了什么？为什么你想送我回家？”

“但我以为你想回家。”我说道。

“是的。但你一定要和我一起去。假如你想杀我也可以，但不要把我送走！”

于是我发现星期五是一个真诚的朋友，因此我同意和他一起走。我们马上开始造独木舟。星期五亲自挑选木头，他比我更懂得木材的好坏。我们砍倒树木，辛苦地工作，一个月就把船造好了。两个星期后船下水了，我们开始为长途旅行作准备。

（Kelly选译）