Shoot只是“射击”吗?

shoot是日常生活中出现频率极高的一个词，其词义也颇为丰富。苏教版牛津高中英语模块八第四单元Films and film events中有着这样的句子：My uncle has just sold a film script to a major Hollywood studio. It is said the film will be shot later this year.（P57）（翻译：我叔叔刚把一部电影剧本卖给了好莱坞的一家大电影公司。据说这部电影在今年年末就将投入拍摄。）句中出现了shoot的一个意思“拍摄”。此外，读者需要注意这个不规则动词的变形shoot — shot — shot。

例如： The Flowers of War, shot by the famous director Zhang Yimou, was released just days after the 74th anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre in 2011. 2011年，由著名导演张艺谋拍摄的电影《金陵十三钗》在南京大屠杀74周年纪念日的几天后上映。

当然shoot的另一个常见意思，同时也是它的本意，是“射击”。这里有一则相关的笑话：

Three young boys are trying to figure out whose dad is the best.

A: “My dad is so good that he can shoot an arrow(箭), run after it, get in front of it, and catch it.”

B: “My dad is so good that he can shoot a gun, run after the bullet (子弹), get in front of it and catch it.”

C: “That’s nothing! My dad is the best. He gets off work at five and he can get home by half past four.”

例如：In the mobile phone game Angry Birds, the birds fight green pigs that steal the birds’ eggs. It is quite simple: shoot birds with a slingshot—the birds fall and hit the pigs—and you get your eggs back. 在一款名为“愤怒的小鸟”的手机游戏中，小鸟们与偷窃鸟蛋的绿猪作战。游戏操作很简单：用弹弓射击小鸟，鸟儿落地并击中猪，你就能得回那些鸟蛋。

由于射击必然是有目标的，所以当运用到体育项目中时，shoot就有了特定的意思“射门，投篮”。

例如：The pass was a real beauty, and right now he was looking for a chance to shoot. 传球非常漂亮，现在他在寻找机会射门了。

After school, we would like to shoot baskets for relaxation. 放学后我们喜欢打篮球放松一下。

在介绍了shoot的三个常见意思“拍摄”“射击”“射门，投篮”之后，下面我们来聊聊它的一些固定搭配。

（1） shoot sb./sth. 与shoot at sb./sth.

前者指“打死”，强调结果。例如：Hands up！I’ll shoot anybody who moves. 举起手来！谁动我就开枪打死谁。

A hunter shot a bird. 猎人击中了一只鸟。

后者则强调动作，意指“向……射击，瞄准”。例如：Look! A hunter is shooting at a bird. Can he shoot it? 瞧！猎人在瞄准一只鸟。他能击中吗？

（2） shoot down

本意为“击落，击毙（飞机等）”。

不过人们在日常生活中也会把这个词组应用在和飞机无关的地方。例如：At the meeting this morning they didn’t waste time shooting down my idea. They decided the cost of opening the offices was too high and the chances of making a real profit too small. 早上参加会议的人认为开设那个办事处的费用太高，而赢利的机会又太小。于是他们毫不迟疑地否决我开设那个办事处的主意。所以，shoot down的引申义是“批驳，驳倒，彻底（观点、意见等）”。

（3） shoot for

这个短语可能来自游艺场上射击得奖品的游戏——为了得到特定的奖品而瞄准某一目标开枪。所以，它有试图达到某一目的或者取得某种结果的意思，即“力争达到，努力获取”。

例如，在《老友记》中，Ross这类人被这样描述：Look, there are people like Ross who need to shoot for the stars, with his museum, and his papers getting published. 像罗斯这种人则追求卓越，又是在博物馆工作，还发表了论文。

除此以外，shoot还有“狩猎”和“幼苗，嫩芽”的意思，读者只需了解即可，此处不再赘述。

1. The movie was __________ in black and white.

A. shooted B. shot

C. shooting D. shotted

2. In the old times, there were ten suns in the sky. Hou Yi (后羿) is an archer. The king asks him to ____________ nine of the suns.

A. shoot B. shoot at

C. shoot for D. shoot down

3. This year we’re __________ a 50% increase in sales.

A. shooting B. shooting at

C. shooting for D. shooting down

Keys： 1-3 BDC