Fanjing Mountain tourism development

Abstract. Fanjing mountain national nature reserve is located in northeast of Guizhou province， China. Ancient geological structure， abundant biological resources and subtropical top ecological system make Fanjing mountain nature reserve has special protection value. It also makes the Fanjing mountain become important tourism resources in guizhou province and even in China. But Fanjing mountain tourism development is still in a lower initial stage. Tourism development concept and mode is relatively backward. According to our investigation and research， we give Tourism plan （8 suggestions） to improve Fanjing mountain tourism management and economic management.

Key words： Fanjing Mountain； tourism； development.

1. Introduction

Fanjing mountain（27°46'50'～28°1'30'N，108°35'55'～108°48'30'E） is located in northeast of Guizhou province， China. It is one member of the international "man and biosphere" reserve network. It is also one China national nature reserve. As shown in figure 1， Fanjing mountain is located in the southeast monsoon and southwest monsoon transition region， belongs to wet monsoon mountain climate zone. Fanjing mountain nature reserve is a subtropical representative natural ecological system， preserved to be original state. Fanjing mountain natural environment and forest ecological system is basically not destructed by human activities.

2. Natural resource background

2.1 Geological condition

The Fanjing mountain geological basis is formed before Sinian Period. The oldest exposed formation is Fanjing mountain group， which absolute age is about 1～1.4 billion. Fanjing mountain exposed formation， mainly including： the upper Proterozoic stratum， Sinian stratum， Cambrian stratum， Ordovician stratum， Silurian stratum， Devonian stratum， Permian strata， Mesozoic Triassic stratum， Jurassic stratum and Cretaceous strata. Marine sedimentary rock and paleontological fossils are rich1.

Drainage is developed well and cut terrain strongly in Fanjing mountain area. Elevation difference is big. Steep slopes are wildly existed. Fault， joint and crack is developed wildly. Geological disasters such as landslide， collapse and debris flow happened from time to time in Fanjing mountain2. Fanjing mountain area mineral deposits have iron， copper， tin， tungsten and some non-metallic ores. However， due to mineral occurrence structure and tectonic condition are complexly， it is difficult to prospect the mineral resources.

2.2 Climate condition

Annual average temperature is 5.0～17.0℃ in Fanjing mountain area. Average temperature is -3.1～5.8℃ in January and 15～27.4℃ in July. The average annual precipitation is 1100～2600 millimetres3.

Subtropical monsoon mountain humid climate prevail in Fanjing mountain. Sunlight and precipitation are rich. Climate changes rapidly with vertical elevation variety. There are obvious vertical climate and vegetation zone spectrum. Five vegetation zones can be grouped from the hill （500m） to the top of the mountain （2572m）. The first zone （500～1300m） is primarily evergreen broad-leaved forest， which is dominated by Castanopsis， Cinnamomum and Machilus； The second zone （1300～1900m） is primarily evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest mixed forest， which is dominated by Cyclobanopsis and Fagus； The third zone （1900～2100m） is primarily deciduous broad-leaved forest， which is dominated by Acer， Prunus and Sorbus； The 4th zone （2100～2350m） is primarily subalpine coniferous forest， which give priority to Tsuga and Abies； The 5th zone （2350～2572m） is primarily sub-alpine scrub meadow， which give priority to Rhododendron and Sinarundinaria.

2.3 Biological resources

Fanjing mountain is in special geographical position. Natural condition is complex. Geological evolution history is long. Thus it has the extremely rich biological resources. There are various kinds of animals and plants. Some of them belong to ancient animals and plants flora. And many of them are the national key protection of rare species. Fanjing mountain ecological system is relative stable equilibrium. According to uncompleted count， there are 277 families， 795 genera and 1955 species of plant in Fanjing mountain area. These plants include 6 families， 14 genera and 19 species of Gymnosperms； 144 families， 460 genera and 1155 species of seed plants； 50 families， 127 genera and 245 species of mosses； 38 families， 85 genera and 183 species of ferns； 45 families， 123 genera and 372 species of large fungi. According to the Chinese vegetation classification unit， Fanjing mountain natural vegetation is divided into five vegetation type groups： coniferous forest， forest， bamboo forest， bush， swamp vegetation.

Coverage rate of the thick forest vegetation in Fanjing mountain is 90%. Well-preserved forest area is the core of the whole ecological system. Primary productivity is high. It is important for the system energy flow and material circulation of the link. According to the concept of forest type， Fanjing mountain forest can be divided into 2 types. The original type - Mangrove trees， Cyclobalanopsis oak forest， Water Fagus forest， Hemlock spruce forest， Abies forest， Rhododendron forest， maple trees， rowan forest， Sakura elfin forest； Secondary types - ring leaf Populus， Birch forest， Liquidambar forest， Horsetail pine， Fir forest， Fir （artificial） forest， Bamboo （artificial） forest， Sasanqua forest， etc. Reference the past officially published material and the specimens deposited everywhere， according to our investigation， the main forest tree species a total of 405 species （including varieties）， belong to 70 families and 175 genera. Some of them are precious rare types. Davidia involucrata is first level of protection of plants in China. These categories listed as national secondary level of protection of plants are： Bretschneiderasinensis， Cercidiphyllum japonicum var. Sinense， Emmenopteryshenryi， Liriodendron chinenes. Level 3 key protection plants have Amentotaxusargotaenia， Dipteronia sinensis， Magnolia officinalis， M.， biloba， Ormosia henryi， Phoebe nanmu， Pterostyraxcorymbosa

Tsuga chinensis，Tsuga longibracteate， etc4.

According to others data and our investigation， there are 300 kinds of 4 subspecies terrestrial vertebrates in Fanjing mountain natural protection area. It includes 57 kinds of beasts， 69 kinds of birds 34 kinds of amphibiousand 40 reptiles5. Some of them are first class protected animals， such as Qian golden monkey （Rhinopithecus llanae brelichi）， south China tiger （Panthera Tigris amoyensis）， the clouded leopard （Neofelis nebulosa nebulosa） and serow （Capriconis sumatraensis milneedwardsi）. Some of them are second class protected animals， such as Macaca assamensis assamensis， Macaca mulatta mulatta， Macaca speciosas， Maschus berezovskii and Elaphads cephalalophus， etc.

3. Present Tourism development situation：

Ancient geological structure， abundant biological resources and subtropical top ecological system make Fanjing mountain nature reserve has special protection value. It also makes the Fanjing mountain become important tourism resources in Guizhou province and even in China.

3.1 General situation

Fanjing mountain tourism development is still in a lower initial stage. Tourism development concept and mode is relatively backward. It doesn't adapt to the tourism marketization， socialization and industrialization development. Tourism products system and comprehensive service system lags behind to other mountains. The tourism industry develops in small scale， low level， dispersible management， individualized service6. Its market competitiveness is not strong.

3.2 Tourists characteristics

Fanjing mountain tourism started and initialed late， so the market cultivation is not mature. But the tourist market is in rapid growth stage， it develops fast. The tourist season in is from April to October. Tourism optimum season is the golden week of May and October. Tourism income is 1.5 billion RMB Yuan in the year 2011.

2.7 million tourists visited Fanjing mountain one year. The tourists have the following basic features：

1） Age structure. 25～44 years old tourists accounted for 55% of the total， and 45～60 years old tourists accounted for 18%.

2） Education background. 31% of tourists are graduated from senior high school or technical secondary school. 62% of tourists are graduated from college or university. Only 4% of tourists are graduated from junior high school.

3） Income structure. Tourists with monthly income of 600～1000 Yuan accounted for 10% of the total. Tourists with monthly income of 1000～2000 Yuan accounted for 46%. Tourists with monthly income of 2000～4000 Yuan accounted for 35%. Tourists with monthly income of 4000～6000 Yuan accounted for 5.9%. About 81% tourists earn 1000～4000 Yuan monthly.

4） Information acquisition modes. Basically tourists rely on others recommend then they come to Fanjing mountain. Few tourists know Fanjing mountain by through radio， television and network.

5） Way to travel. 43% tourists meet Relatives and friends to travel. 23% tourists travel with agency group. 17% tourists travel alone. 13% tourists travel with unit organization.

6） Traffic tool selection. 34% tourists come by automobile. 26% tourists come by train then turn to cars. 22% tourists come by plane. 18% tourists drive himself. More and more tourists like to drive himself.

3.3 Infrastructure

Infrastructure is improving recent years. To provide convenient and quick traffic for tourists， Tongren phoenix airport， Fanjing mountain eastern cableway， Yuhuai railway， Fanjing mountain loop road， Ying-Xiu high grade highway and Jiangkou-Heiwanhe highway are built. Also， Hang-Rui highway and YinJiang-Huguoshi expressways are in process. Local government built peace river scenic tourist trails， the Mianxi ridge hiking trails， a number of parking lot， tourism toilet， pedestrian bridge， tourists resting booth and other facilities. Local government repaired Fanjing mountain Huguo temple， built the peace river Buddhism group tourism projects， also built a number of star hotels. Gradually Fanjing mountain natural ecological and Buddhism cultural tourism image is set up.

3.4 Protection and planning

The vigorous development of tourism influenced the natural and cultural heritage resources environment in recent years. On the one hand， it effect and improve the tourists and local people's environmental protection consciousness. On the other hand， it promoted the regional economic development and provided money for the resource and environmental protection. When we use and develop Fanjing mountain tourism， we must protect Fanjing mountain natural cultural heritage resources. In accordance with the overall planning of Fanjing mountain nature reserve， reserved area is divided into three major functional areas.

1） Core area. Core area is located in the reserve center area， along the buffer boundary to reserve center part of the extension. It is accounting for 58% of the total area. Core reserve area has a complete original forest system and keeps the natural original state. Strictly protected by state laws and regulations， it can avoid the human disturbance and destruction.

2） Buffer area. Buffer area is located in core area periphery. It covers an area of 2800 hectares， accounting for 7% of the total reserve area. The area is transition zone between the core area and the experimental area. Various kinds of scientific research and monitoring work can carry out， but the activities to use of natural resources are prohibited in this area.

3） Scientific experimental zone （including tourist area）. Fanjing mountain reserve edge area and tourism zone is scientific experimental zone. It covers an area of about 14500 hectares， accounting for 35% of the area of the entire Fanjing mountain area. Under the premise of ecological resource protection， scientific research， practice teaching， a variety of business and tourism activities can be done in this zone.

The rapid development of tourism promotes the local market and business development. It also drives the transportation， catering services， tourism commodities， tourism food and agricultural products to develop. Tourism employees have increased. But the entire scenic area development is not balanced. Most tourists directly climbed the mountain by cableway in Jangkou county. They visit the Jinding peak then leave by the same cableway. They tour little scenic spots and stay shortly. Tourism contribution to local economic development is limited. According to our investigation and research， we give tourism plan （8 suggestions） as below to improve Fanjing mountain tourism management and economic management.

4. Tourism plan

4.1 Apply Fanjing mountain for the world natural heritage list. If Fanjing mountain be in the world natural heritage list， it would help Fanjing mountain to be famous. Then it can promote the development of tourism in the Fanjing mountain areas. The development of tourism also give the ecological system huge pressure， if Fanjing mountain is included in the world natural heritage list， the government will invest more resources to protect the ecological system and flora and fauna resources.

4.2 Because Fanjing mountain across three counties， and Fanjing mountain nature reserve administration bureau is independent， the Fanjing mountain tourism development of administrative function is fuzzy. It needs unified administrative management. We suggest that government set up a joint committee of Fanjing mountain tourism development management to manage whole big Fanjing mountain scenic area development. This committee is composed by the municipal tourism administration， three county tourism management departments， Fanjing mountain nature reserve administration bureau， relevant enterprises， experts and scholars.

4.3 Perfect infrastructure. Mianxiling-mountaintop-Yuao tourist trails should be transformed. Improve construction standard， improve various mark identification and tourists resting booth， sanitation toilets， garbage cans and other facilities. Use woodiness material to reconstruct the top mountain landscape trails， increase trails guardrail， prevent damage to vegetation and ecological environment.

4.4 Since eastern tourism cableway was completed， tourists are focused on eastern tourism cableway. They would rather wait to play with tourism cableway. They don’t like to walk from western mountain to mountain top. To solve this problem， we must let tourists flow up from east to the west or flow along the loop road， at the same time more tourism resources of Fanjing mountain can be shown. We plan to build western tourism cableway， forming the Fanjing mountain scenery tourism， with which visitors can come and go fast. At the same time， we invite investments to build new hotels near Huguo temple， improving the ability to receive visitors.

4.5 Open up new tourism line. To develop Fanjing mountain loop tourist routes， we introduce some enterprises to manage loop line tourism.

4.6 Develop the mountain geological landscape. Construct geological wonders and geological relic interpretation system. Build geological relics museum to display geological relics. In Fanjing mountain culture exhibition palace， we provide science electronic deduction of geological relic history. Develop geological landscape on both sides of visitors hiking trails， so tourist can see Fanjing mountain vast original plant habitat through tourism cableway or hiking trails. Construct a group of tourists sightseeing platform near some geological landscape point. So tourist can watch closely on original plant habitat through the hiking trails and sightseeing platform.

4.7 Meteorological show. Build sightseeing platform in new and old golden peak. If conditions permit， we may establish convenient facilities to make tourist easy to go up and down. Reform the trails in new and old golden peak to ensure safety. Construction Fanjing mountain top observation platform. Choose open terrain to build 2～3 large viewing platform. Establish tourists rest seat and other facilities. So tourists can watch the sun， moon， stars， clouds sea， foggy sea， mountain， forest， snow and others changeable natural phenomenon.

4.8 Ecological culture. Beautiful natural ecological environment is the most valuable resources in Fanjing mountain. More and more people are eager to return to rural life and pay attention to healthy of the environment since people's living standards improved. To make full use of beautiful natural landscape and excellent ecological environment in Fanjing mountain surrounding areas， we should develop rural scenery tourism and ecological health tourism， making Fanjing mountain as green and healthy image. At first， we introduce investment in the beautiful turn pond， the peach garden， gold river region， to create high-class resorts and attract high-class tourists. It also can creat Fanjing mountain ecological resort brand image. Secondly， government supports rural farmers to take activity in rural tourism in the surrounding of Fanjing mountain. It can improve the farmers' life， then farmers will not take much resources from Fanjing mountain.

5. Tourism plan：

This paper is supported by Guizhou province science and technical foundation project： Research to Fanjing mountain natural-cultural heritage protection and sustainable development （NO.： Guizhou science J 2012-2320）.

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