毛昭晰漫忆“风雨茅庐”

“郁伯伯大概不会想到，那个经常去他家里玩的小男孩，有一天居然会为他的铜像揭幕。” 上世纪90年代，浙江大学历史系教授毛昭晰受邀为富阳的郁达夫铜像揭幕。那一刻，已经两鬓斑白的毛昭晰感慨万千，60多年的时光，在这短短一句话中悄然溜过。

毛昭晰口中的“郁伯伯”，就是郁达夫。而那个“家”，也就是杭州的郁达夫故居、大学路场官弄63号“风雨茅庐”。原来，毛昭晰儿时的居所紧邻“风雨茅庐”，他与郁达夫和王映霞夫妇的大儿子郁飞还是小学同学。

2007年7月，“风雨茅庐”在结束半个多世纪的派出所用房后，终于开始整修。消息传来，78岁的毛昭晰眼神凝重，记忆如夏日的杭城阳光，倾泻一地。

“风雨茅庐”留下欢声笑语

“我们家和风雨茅庐不过一巷之隔。”在省文物局办公室里，毛昭晰轻轻抚平面前的一张白纸，用一支短短的铅笔勾勒出当年大学路场官弄的地图。毛昭晰的父亲毛路真是当时浙江大学数学系讲师，上世纪30年代，他们一家就住在大学路的浙大教工宿舍“求是里”。那是个小院子，里头有5户人家，毛家是最东面那户。隔着‘求是里’的小竹园和窄窄的场官弄，‘风雨茅庐’就在东南面。

而毛昭晰对于郁家的回忆，在“风雨茅庐”诞生之前，便已经开始。1933年暮春，37岁的郁达夫全家从上海移居杭州，大儿子郁飞与毛昭晰成为横河小学的同学，而毛昭晰的大妹妹毛雪莹则与郁飞弟弟郁云成为同桌。“他们先租下了场官弄的一座老房子，正对着‘求是里’的竹园。那房子门朝西，进门有一个石板地的小天井。”

当时，毛昭晰只有六七岁，用的名字也是外祖父为他取的“毛祖康”。儿时的岁月似乎总是无忧无虑，毛昭晰清楚地记得，两个孩子最喜欢的游戏是在郁达夫家天井的水缸里玩纸船。“天井里有好几个水缸，每次我们划纸船，郁飞的妈妈王映霞就靠在房间的门边看着我们玩，脸上漾着笑容，十分和蔼可亲。”

1936年春天，在老房子的南面几步之遥，郁达夫亲自设计的“风雨茅庐”完工。后来，王映霞回忆，新家于“1935年年底动工，熬过了一个冰雪的冬季......足足花掉了一万五六千元”。据记载，当时的“风雨茅庐”绿阴匝地，花木扶疏，两间书房的三面沿壁里全都排列着落地的高大书架，密密麻麻地放着数万册中、英、日、德、法等国文字的书籍。而对孩子们来说，这里则是新的游戏天堂――“风雨茅庐” 仿造日本民居，在院子进门右侧专门辟出一间房子作为儿童游戏室，毛昭晰与郁飞便常常在房间里的榻榻米上玩耍。

“不过郁达夫在这里呆的时间并不长。”“风雨茅庐”建成后仅仅半年，郁达夫便远赴福建谋职，奔波于闽杭之间。所以，在毛昭晰记忆中，他与郁达夫见面的次数并不多。不过，郁达夫的面容至今仍深深地印在他脑海中。“在我印象里，郁伯伯瘦瘦的，个头一般，常穿一件蓝布长衫，喜欢去浙江图书馆。那时候我们都知道，郁飞的爸爸是个大文学家。”

相比之下，毛昭晰更熟悉留守在家的王映霞。“我记得，她的相貌就像旧时月份牌上的明星，很大方、很漂亮。她的手也很灵巧，她很疼爱儿子，郁飞、郁云的毛线衫都是她自己织的。”我记得郁飞有一件深咖啡色的翻领毛线衫，我妈妈觉得式样很新、很好看，就照着样子给我也织了一件。”

听巴人谈郁达夫之死

美好的时光是短暂的，1937年，抗日战争爆发，毛昭晰一家逃难到宁波、奉化、龙泉、福建等地，他与郁飞一家也失去了联系。“记不清是哪一年了，我妈妈在乡下看到报纸，说郁达夫与王映霞离婚了。” 1938年12月，郁达夫偕妻王映霞、长子郁飞离开福州前往新加坡，1940年，夫妇俩在新加坡协议离婚，郁飞则暂时留在了新加坡。曾经的那份美好只留在永久的记忆之中。“1945年，抗战胜利，我考进浙大回到杭州，横河小学已经没了，‘求是里’也成了一片平地。”世事变迁让当时年轻的毛昭晰唏嘘不已。

而毛昭晰记忆最深刻的，则是关于郁达夫之死的消息：1945年，郁达夫被日本宪兵秘密杀害在苏门答腊。“大约是1952年的旧历年初吧，中国驻印尼首任大使王任叔（巴人）卸任回国来杭，他是我爸爸的挚友。我爸爸带着我去他住的西泠饭店（今香格里拉）看他，在场的还有王任叔在安徽工作的女儿和我父亲的另一位挚友江文涛伯伯。整个晚上，任叔伯伯谈的都是郁达夫。” 当时毛昭晰已在杭州大学（当时的浙江师范学院）担任助教，儿时与郁飞的友谊，让他一直牵挂着郁达夫一家人的命运。

“新加坡沦陷之前，郁达夫和王任叔等一大批华人知识分子从新加坡避难到印尼的苏门答腊，不久苏门答腊也被日军占领。有一天，郁达夫坐的公共汽车被开着卡车的日本宪兵拦截。车上的人全都吓坏了，不知道日本宪兵在说什么，只有在日本留过学的郁达夫知道他们是在问路。于是他就用流利的日语作了回答。宪兵一听，这个人日语讲得这么好，就要他给宪兵队当翻译，坐公共汽车的人还以为郁达夫是奸细。其实，当时郁达夫取了个假名字叫‘赵廉’，用酒厂老板的身份掩护自己，还兼做肥皂生意。”

“大约半年左右，郁达夫称自己有肺病，不干了。谁知，日本人投降后，有一天，宪兵队队长来找他，郁达夫跟着出去，就这样一去不复返了。可能是因为郁达夫了解不少宪兵队的勾当，他们怕他会揭露出来，便把他秘密杀害了。”

巴人的回忆在毛昭晰心里留下了深刻的印象，尤其让他感动的是，是那个动荡岁月中，四处漂泊的郁达夫始终坚持爱国信念――在海外流亡期间，郁达夫一直不遗余力地宣传抗日救亡。 1941年12月，珍珠港事件爆发，新加坡文艺界华侨组织了“星洲华侨文化界战时工作团”，团长便是郁达夫。而在印尼给日本宪兵做翻译期间，郁达夫还利用自己的特殊身份，保护了大批爱国志士与华侨。

“新加坡人对郁达夫有着深厚的感情。1987年11月，我受邀到新加坡参加丰子恺先生的画展，新加坡《联合早报》社长还对我说，新加坡老华侨非常怀念郁达夫先生，希望我转告郁飞，他们要请郁飞去新加坡。”郁达夫逝去多年后，仍然在新加坡有很大影响力，这也让毛昭晰感触至深。

郁达夫一生奔波辗转，而郁飞的命运也经历了几次波折。1948年，郁飞几经波折考入浙大外文系，与当时已是史地系四年级学生的毛昭晰再次相遇。后来因为一些原因，郁飞孤身远赴新疆，度过了将近30年的时光。到“”后，他调回杭州，在浙江文艺出版社工作，并担任浙江省政协委员，在省政协，郁飞与毛昭晰两位儿时的小朋友又重逢在一起。“上世纪90年代，郁飞远赴美国，临走前来我家告别，送给我夫人一本他翻译的《瞬息京华》做纪念。这本书是林语堂著的英文小说，他说翻译这本书是郁达夫的心愿，算是了了他父亲的愿望。”

“郁达夫被害已经62年了，但党和人民一直在纪念他，杭州人也忘不了他。我要感谢横河派出所的同志，在他们的爱护下，风雨茅庐才能经历几十年风雨却容颜不改，给我们现在的维修带来了很大的方便。”70多年的风雨岁月，在毛昭晰的记忆里沉甸甸的，而今人对逝者的怀念，让他颇感欣慰，“把风雨茅庐修缮好，也算是我们对郁达夫先生的一个纪念吧！”

链接：毛昭晰1929年5月生于宁波，世居杭州，祖籍奉化。1949年毕业于浙江大学，1951年后在杭州大学、浙江大学任教。1983－1993年兼任浙江省文化厅副厅长、文物局局长及浙江省博物馆馆长。曾任第四届浙江省政协委员、第五、第六届省政协常委、第七届全国政协委员、第八届浙江省人大常委会副主任、第九届全国人大常务委员会委员。现任浙江大学历史系教授、浙江省老教授协会会长、浙江省博物馆名誉馆长等职。

Old Man's Memory of an Old House

By Lin Shaoqing

"Uncle Yu would never have imagined that a boy who frequently came to play in his house decades ago would one day unveil his bronze statue," Mao Zhaoxi made this remark in the 1990s when he, as a professor of history with Zhejiang University, unveiled a statue of Yu Dafu on the campus of Fuyang Middle School.

"Uncle Yu" is Yu Dafu (1895-1945), a prominent Chinese writer killed by Japanese gendarmes in Indonesia in 1945. And the "house" refers to the former residence of Yu Dafu at 63 Changguan Lane, Daxue Road in Hangzhou. As a kid, Mao often came to the house to play with Yu Fei, the eldest son of Yu Dafu and Wang Yingxia. It was in the early 1930s. About seven decades have vanished fast.

In July, 2007, the public security bureau, which had been using the house as an office for over five decades, finally turned it over to the provincial administration of cultural relics. Learning the good news that a refurbishment project would soon start to restore the house, the 78-year-old Mao sighed in great relief.

One day, Mao Zhaoxi and I chatted about the former residence of Yu Dafu in an office at the administration of the cultural relics. Mao drew a map on a piece of paper and showed me where his family lived and where the Yu family lived in the compound. Back in the early 1930s, Mao's father was a professor of mathematics with Zhejiang University. The Mao family lived in a small compound with four other families. Like the Mao family, each neighbor had someone working at the university.

It was the spring of 1933 that the 38-year-old Yu Dafu and his family moved from Shanghai to Hangzhou. They came to live in a rented house near the compound where the Mao family lived. Mao Zhaoxi and Yu Dafu's son became classmates. Mao's younger sister and Yu Fei's younger brother also became classmates. The kids often played together. The favorite game they played was making paper boats and letting them float in big water urns lined against the wall in the courtyard. That year, Mao Zhaoxi was 8 years old.

The house was designed by Yu himself. The building project started in the winter of 1935 and completed in the spring of 1936. The new house was only a few steps away from the rented house where Yu Dafu lived previously. Yu Dafu named it the Wind and Rain Thatched House, though it was not a thatched house and it was not shaky and leaky when wind and rain came. Yu was only following a Chinese literary tradition to give his house a name to express his worldview or literary taste or life experience. The new house was in the Japanese architectural style and it was surrounded by a garden. Mao Zhaoxi was most impressed by the two-room library. Each room had three walls lined with tall bookshelves stacked densely with books in Chinese, Japanese, English, French, and German. For Mao Zhaoxi and other children, the new house was like a playground. One room was specially designed for them to play.

Mao Zhaoxi remembers clearly how frequently visitors came to visit Yu Dafu. But Yu Dafu did not live in the new house for long. About half a year later, he went to work in Fujian Province and he shuttled back and forth between home and employment for a while. Though he did not often see Uncle Yu, Mao has a vivid memory of the great writer: he was thin and in normal height; he often wore a blue cotton long gown; he frequented the Zhejiang Library nearby. All the kids knew that Yu Fei's father was a big-name writer.

Mao remembers Wang Yingxia more clearly. "She looked like a model on the calendar. She was very beautiful. She loved Yu Fei. All the sweaters he wore were made by his mother. Yu Fei had a dark brown sweater with a turndown collar. My mother thought it looked nice and made a sweater in the same style for me."

Japan launched all-out invasion into China in 1937. The Mao family fled to remote areas of the province and lost contact with the Yu family. Mao' s mother read the divorce of Yu Dafu and Wang Yingxia in a newspaper one day. The divorce was done in Singapore in 1940. Yu Fei stayed with his father in Singapore. After the war ended in 1945, Mao Zhaoxi came back to Hangzhou and entered Zhejiang University as a student. The house where his family once lived was gone and the primary school where he and Yu Fei once studied was also gone.

In the first month of 1952 on the lunar calendar, Ba Ren, China's first ambassador to Indonesia, came to Hangzhou. He was a friend of Mao Zhaoxi's father. So the father and the son went to Xiling Hotel (today's Shangri-La Hotel) to visit the ambassador. For the whole evening, the ambassador talked nothing but the death of Yu Dafu in Sumatra, Indonesia in 1945.

Before the fall of Singapore, a large group of Chinese intellectuals fled to Indonesia. One day in Sumatra, Japanese gendarmes stopped a bus. A gendarme stepped into the bus and said something in Japanese. The passengers in the bus were all frightened. Yu Dafu replied in fluent Japanese. It turned out that the Japanese gendarme was asking for directions. Seeing Yu talking with the Japanese, some passengers thought Yu Dafu was a Japanese spy.

In Indonesia, Yu Dafu used a false name and disguised himself as a soap businessman. After the incident, the Japanese gendarmes engaged Yu to work as an interpreter. Doing his job, Yu protected a large group of local resistance fighters and overseas Chinese. Yu did not work for the Japanese for long. In less a year, he excused himself from the job on the pretext that he had lung disease. After the Japan announced its surrender, the commander of the Japanese gendarmes came to see Yu one day and said he needed Yu on an urgent mission. Yu left with the commander and never came back. Friends believed Yu was killed because the Japanese invaders thought this interpreter knew too much.

When Yu Fei entered the foreign language department of Zhejiang University in 1945, Yu Fei and Mao Zhaoxi, then a postgraduate at the anthropology research institute, were able to renew their friendship. They remained close until Yu Fei migrated to USA in the 1990s. The goodbye gift from Yu Fei was "Moment in Peking" by Li Yutang, translated by Yu Fei. Yu Fei said his father had wanted to translate the novel and now he translated it to make his father's wish come true.

(Translated by David)