新目标英语八年级(下)典型正误例析(Units 1~2)

Unit 1Will people have robots?

1. 你能给我几张纸吗?

误: Can you give me some papers?

正: Can you give me some paper?

析: paper作“纸”解时,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。例如:

Books will only be on computers, not on paper in the future. 将来书将只在电脑上出版,而不在纸上出版。

表示“一些纸”时,可用some paper, 不能用some papers。 可以说a piece of paper(一张纸), two pieces of paper(两张纸)。 paper作“报纸”解时,是可数名词。例如:

Please give me an evening paper. 请给我一张晚报。

2. 他会用英语唱歌。

误: He can be able to sing in English.

正: He can sing in English.

正: He is able to sing in English.

析: can和be able to都可以表示能力,不可将两者同时用在一个句子中,以免造成意思上的重复。例如:

Are you able to drive a car? (= Can you drive a car?) 你会开小汽车吗?

3. 半小时后他们会回来。

误: They will come back after half an hour.

正: They will come back in half an hour.

析: in 与after都含有“在……以后”的意思,与表示一段时间的短语连用。 “in + 一段时间”常与go, come, start, arrive, return (be back), finish等终止性动词的将来时连用。例如:

We’ll finish the work in two days. 我们将在两天后完成这项工作。

“after + 一个时间点/一个事件”可与过去时或将来时的谓语动词连用。例如:

We’ll get there after two o’clock. 两点钟以后,我们将到达那里。

Just after seven it began to rain. 刚过七点天就下起雨来。

He started after three days. 他在三天后出发了。

4. 这所学校有数百名学生。

误: There are hundred of students in the school.

正: There are hundreds of students in the school.

析: hundreds of表示不确切的数字,即“好几百”,“许许多多”。例如:

However, they agree it may take hundreds of years. 然而,他们都一致认为这要经历好几百年的时间。

hundred与基数词连用时,表示具体数字,切记此时hundred不应为复数形式。例如:

The bus is about two hundred meters from his home. 公共汽车站离他的家大约有两百米。

5. 夏天很多女孩子穿裙子。

误: Many girls dress skirts in summer.

正: Many girls wear skirts in summer.

析: dress用作不及物动词时,意为“穿衣”,指“穿”衣服的动作;用作及物动词时,意为“给……穿衣”,后面的宾语是“人”,不是表示“衣服”的名词。例如:

Could you dress the children for me? 你能不能替我给孩子穿上衣服?

表示“穿”的状态时,应该用wear。 例如:

We have to wear our school uniforms to school. 我们必须穿校服上学。

6. 我想要乘宇宙飞船飞往月球。

误: I want to fly to a moon by spaceship.

正: I want to fly to the moon by spaceship.

析: 表示世界上独一无二的东西,如sun, moon, earth等,其前要用定冠词。例如:

The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

7. 他今天似乎有点生气。

误: He seems a bit angrily today.

正: He seems a bit angry today.

析: seem是系动词,其后应该用形容词作表语,不应该用副词。例如:

She seems happy. 她看似幸福。

8. 玛丽放学后经常帮助母亲做家务。

误: Mary often helps her mother with her houseworks after school.

正: Mary often helps her mother with her housework after school.

析: housework是不可数名词,没有复数形式。表示很多家务活不能说many houseworks, 但可以说much housework。 例如:

His father likes doing housework. 他的父亲喜欢做家务。

9. 老师让我们朗读课文。

误: The teacher made us to read the text.

正: The teacher made us read the text.

析: 此句中的make是使役动词。依照惯用法,其后应跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。要表示“让(使)某人做某事”,应该用make somebody do something。 例如:

How did she make the baby stop crying? 她是怎样让婴儿不哭的?

10. 他做那件事是不可能的。

误: He is impossible to do that.

正: It’s impossible for him to do that.

析: impossible作表语时,一般不用“人”作主语,而应该用it作形式主语,用forto do sth作真正的主语,即用“It is (was) impossible for somebody to do something”句式。这与汉语的习惯不同。例如:

It’s impossible for us to learn two languages in a year. 我们不可能在一年内学会两门外语。

[练习] 从下列各句的A、B、C、D中找出一处错误,并加以改正。

1. I can see hundred of birds flying in the sky.

A B C D

2. Would you please give me a paper to write on.

A B C D

3. I could be able to run very fast when I was a boy.

A B C D

4. They are trying hard to send man-made satellites round moon.

A B C D

5. Is she dressing the same clothes?

A B C D

6. They seem quite happily with the work.

A B C D

7. The boss made them to work from morning till night.

A B C D

8. If we go by plane, we shall get there after two hours.

A B C D

9. He has much houseworks to do on weekends.

A B C D

10. They are impossible to build the bridge in half a year.

A B C D

Unit 2What should I do?

1. 这本词典我昨天付过款了。

误: I paid the dictionary yesterday.

正: I paid for the dictionary yesterday.

析: pay是个及物动词,有“付”、“支付”的意思,其后可以跟双宾语,直接宾语是钱,间接宾语是人。其后也可以跟一个宾语,充当宾语的应该是人或钱款,而不是所购买的东西。例如:

She paid me two yuan yesterday. 她昨天付给我两块钱。

如果要说“支付(某物的)款”,则应该用pay for something或pay some money for something。 例如:

I paid for the apples just now. 这些苹果我刚才付过款了。

She paid three yuan for the bananas. 买这些香蕉她花了三元钱。

2. 大家都觉得三天完成这项工作有困难。

误: Everyone finds difficult to finish the work in three days.

正: Everyone finds it difficult to finish the work in three days.

析: 动词find后面跟“动词不定式 + 宾语补足语”构成的复合宾语时,一般应把不定式短语放在句末,而在find后面用it作形式宾语。这个it不能省略。例如:

She also says that these children may find it hard to be independent when they are older. 她也说,这些孩子长大后,也许会发现自己独立生活很困难。

3. 她昨晚十一点才上床睡觉。

误: She went to bed until eleven o’clock last night.

正: She didn’t go to bed until eleven o’clock last night.

析: until可用作介词,后面接表示时间的名词,也可用作从属连词,用来引导时间状语从句。如果主句谓语动词是go, come, get, arrive, start, begin, leave等终止性动词,则一定要用其否定式。这时not ... until ... 表示“直到……才……”。例如:

The tired children didn’t get home until 7 pm. 劳累的孩子们直到晚上7点钟才回到家。

4. 他们在电话里谈了很久。

误: They talked in the phone for a long time.

正: They talked on the phone for a long time.

析: 依照惯用法,“在电话里交谈”应该是talk on the phone。 例如:

I don’t want to talk about it on the phone. 我不想在电话里谈这个问题。

5. 我确实不知道这事怎么办。

误: I really don’t know what to do it.

正: I really don’t know how to do it.

析: to do后面已有宾语it, 就不应该再有逻辑宾语what。 how是表示行为方式的副词,可以在逻辑上充当to do it的状语。

6. 她总是怨天尤人。

误: She is always complaining something.

正: She is always complaining about something.

析: complain意为“抱怨”,是不及物动词。要表示“抱怨某事”,不能用complain something, 而应该用complain about something。

7. 他不会来,他的兄弟也不会来。

误: He won’t come and his brother either.

正: He won’t come and his brother won’t, either.

析: either用作副词时,意为“也”,一般用在否定句中。例如:

I don’t want the blue coat, and I don’t want the red one, either. 我不要那件蓝色的上衣,也不要那件红色的。

8. 他在询问苹果的价钱。

误: He is asking for the price of the apples.

正: He is asking the price of the apples.

析: 要用ask询问价钱、时间、名字,应该说ask the price/time/ name, 不应该说ask for the price/time/name。 误句中ask后面的for应删去。 ask for something意为“要某物”、“要求得到某物”。例如:

Paul walked up to Sara and asked for a cup of coffee. 保罗走到萨拉面前,要了一杯咖啡。

ask for somebody意为“要见某人”、“要找某人”。例如:

Did anybody ask for me? 有人找过我吗?

9. 我大约七点钟给你打电话。

误: I’ll call up you at about 7 o’clock.

正: I’ll call you up at about 7 o’clock.

析: call up是“及物动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词,人称代词作宾语时,应将其放在动词和副词之间。例如:

Maybe you should call him up. 也许你应该给他打电话。

10. 史密斯先生很生他儿子的气。

误: Mr Smith was angry to his son.

正: Mr Smith was angry with his son.

析: 要表示“对某人生气”,应该用be angry with somebody。例如:

My friend was angry with me yesterday. 昨天我的朋友生我的气了。

[练习] 从下列各句的A、B、C、D中找出一处错误,并将其改正。

1. If you don’t come here, I will, either.

A B C D

2. I’m quite able to pay the car.

A B C D

3. They are always complaining high prices.

A B C D

4. He found difficult to get to sleep last night.

A B C D

5. I went to bed yesterday evening until Father came back from work.

A B C D

6. The teacher was very angry to me when I was late for class.

A B C D

7. Can you tell me what to do it.

A B C D

8. I will call up you as soon as I get there.

A B C D

9. Did you ask for the price of that ten-speed bicycle?

A B C D

10. Mother told me not to talk about it in the phone.

A B C D

Key to Unit 1:

1. B。 hundredhundreds2. B。 aa piece of

3. A。 could be able tocould或was able to4. D。 moonthe moon

5. B。 dressingwearing6. C。 happilyhappy7. B。 to workwork

8. D。 afterin9. B。 houseworkshousework

10. A。 They are impossibleIt’s impossible for them

Key to Unit 2:

1. D。 willwon’t2. C。 paypay for

3. B。 complainingcomplaining about

4. A。 found difficultfound it difficult5. A。 wentdidn’t go

6. B。 towith7. C。 whathow8. B。 call up youcall you up

9. B。 ask forask10. D。 inon