从应试写作标准看句子意识培养

摘 要：本文以英语应试写作为研究对象，以句子的结构、过渡、多样化和流畅性为研究重点，目的在于增强英语写作者的句子意识，提高单句写作质量，以期促进其写作水平的整体提升。

关键词：句子意识 单句质量

中图分类号：G63 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-8882（2014）08-0-02

句子是段落、文章写作的基本构成要素，是写作者表达思想的最小语言单位。单句写作质量直接决定并制约着段落，甚至整个文章的优劣。在英语应试中，好的句子不仅要语法无误，拼写正确，结构严谨，语言规范，能准确、清晰地表达作者的写作意图和思想，也要在句子结构、衔接和流畅性等方面达到一定的标准。

一、应试写作评判标准及特点（以满分15分为例）

1. 13-15分档

特点：切题，表达准确、清楚，语句通顺、连贯性好，基本无语言错误，写的漂漂亮亮，读起来赏心悦目。

While the Internet has greatly impacted how to learn，education doesn’t simply means learning to acquire information because of the following two factors. On one hand，education is very inclusive，so leaning to obtain message is usually a part of it. If we overemphasize students’ ability of acquiring information，we will fail to educate the young to be developed fully. On the other hand，it is only a passive way of learning to obtain information，which do not parallel to creative thinking that is essential for education.

2. 10-12分档

特点：切题，表达清清楚楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误，如人称、搭配、用词不当等，句子结构一般无错。

However，education will never simply mean learning to obtain information. There are several reasons for it. Firstly，education includes not only gaining more knowledge but also improving comprehensive skills. Secondly，information provided on the internet consists of positive and negative parts，and it’s difficult for you to make sure what you absorbed is useful. What’s more，education can be compared to a building while information makes the basis，necessary but uncomplete. We should absorb more things from our daily life and practical experience.

3. 7-9分档

及格档，特点：马马虎虎，基本切题，有些地方思想表达不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，隔三差五有错句且严重，有基本的句子构建能力，句子意识较强，主干大部分正确。

But I firmly believe that we must learn in school even the Internet is fast and good. I trust that people can get a amount of information in Internet，in other words，education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information，Some reasons about it.

4. 4-6 分档

特点：稀里糊涂，基本切题，思想表达不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重语言错误，隔三差五找对句。

To sum up，I cling to believe that education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You think，where is the information come from？ If we only learn how to obtain，it is bad for development and the information can’t grow. Once you know how to use Google or Baidu，maybe you will think the teacher have just taught you are not available. So it is bad for education from teacher.

5. 0-3分档

特点：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，大部分句子有错误，写的一塌糊涂，连动比较突出。

Tradition education can know knowledge of student. But tradition education learn in hige，example math，Chinese，ede. I can’t chose like knowledge. Many student think that all education I not need.

二、句子意识培养

1. 句子结构

从结构上看，英语句子主要有五种句型，即：S+V（主+谓），S+V+P（主+谓+表），S+V+O（主+谓+宾），S+V+O+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾），S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）。在应试写作中，由于时间、写作水平、实践等诸多因素制约了写作者写出的句子质量和水平，这在低分档的写作中尤为明显和突出，很多属于残句，破句，或者根本不成句子，这根本源于写作者对句子结构没有基本的了解和掌握。所以在平时的写作中要通过加强句子结构训练，增强句子写作意识，试比较：

（误）Tradition education can know knowledge of student. But tradition education learn in hige，example math，Chinese，ede. I can’t chose like knowledge. Many student think that all education I not need.

（正）Traditional education is beneficial to all the students even though it needs depth learning，such as math，Chinese，etc. I can’t choose what I want to learn and many students think that the current education is not what they need.

2. 句子过渡

段落具有整体性和连贯性，一般含有主题句，扩展局，结尾句，写作中单句要能承上启下，衔接、过渡自然，这就需要正确、恰当地使用过渡表达，使其起到“起、承、转、合”的作用，试比较：

（误）Examinations remain as primitive as ever before. Our science and technology have become advanced in this modern society.

（正）Examinations remain as primitive as ever before no matter how advanced our science and technology have become in this modern society.

3. 句子多样化和流畅性

应试写作中，句子的多样化和流畅很重要，即使用词高端，如果晦涩难懂，依然划不到高分档。所以，写作中要观点明确，思路清晰，表达准确，不要一味的追求辞藻的华丽或套用模板，要在常用句式：存在句、并列句、强调句、倒装句、主从复合句、it句、被动句等灵活使用的基础上自然融合平行结构、非谓语动词结构、独立主格结构、比较结构，在句子流畅的基础上追求句式的多样化。

总之，单句写作质量直接影响应试写作水平的高低，只有增强句子意识，提高单句表达效果，对句子的结构、衔接和过渡、多样化和流畅性有一定的把握，在应试写作中才能有更好的发挥。

参考文献：

[1] 李琏，句子结构的意识对英语阅读和翻译的重要性[J]. 新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版），1998（04）.

[2] 张兴华，大学英语写作实用教程[M]. 北京：光明日报出版社，2010.