时间：2022-10-13 08:29:17
【考点归纳一】语态概述
语态（voice）表示主语和谓语之间的一种语法关系。语态有两种，即主动语态（active voice）和被动语态（passive voice）。主动语态说明主语是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。被动语态说明主语是谓语动词所表示动作的承受者。如：
Many people speak English.许多人讲英语。（主动句）（speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的）
English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人讲。（被动句）（主语English是动词speak的承受者）
【考点归纳二】 被动语态的构成
英语动词的被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be没有词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。现以study为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am/is/are+studied
一般过去时：was/were+studied
一般将来时：will/shall be+studied
过去将来时：would/should be studied
现在进行时：am/is/are being+studied
过去进行时：was/were being+studied
现在完成时：have/has been+studied
过去完成时：had been studied
【考点归纳三】 被动语态构成的条件
一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，或者说是一个能跟有宾语的动词才有被动语态。基本句型SV（主—谓型）、SVP（主—系—表型）中的动词都不是及物动词，没有宾语，所以没有被动语态。基本句型SVO（主—谓—宾型）、SVOO（主—谓—间宾—直宾型）、SVOC（主—谓—宾—补型）中的动词都是及物动词，都含有宾语，所以这三种基本句型可以有相对应的被动语态。现就这些句型的被动语态结构举例说明如下。
1. 基本句型SVO（主—谓—宾型）
该句型变被动语态时，宾语成为主语，而原来的主语则成by的宾语，放在被动语态的动词后面，作状语。如：
She wrote a letter yesterday.她昨天写了一封信。
The letter was written （by her） yesterday.这封信是（她）昨天写的。
2. 基本句型SVOO （主—谓—间宾—直宾型）
该句型变为被动语态时，两个宾语中只有一个宾语成为主语，另一个留在谓语动词后面不动。两个宾语之间，以把代表人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语为多见。如：
We gave her some books.我们给她一些书。
She was given some books （by us）./Some books were given to her （by us）她得到我们的一些书。
若把直接宾语变被动语态的主语，被保留的间接宾语前通常要用介词to。某些动词后则要用介词for。
3. 基本句型SVOC（主—谓—宾—补型）
该句型变为被动语态时，宾语变为主语，宾语补足语仍留在动词后面，成为主语补足语。如：
We call her“Doctor”.我们叫她“博士”。
She was called“Doctor” （by us）.她被我们叫做“博士”。
【考点归纳四】被动语态的使用场合
1. 动作的执行者不明、或者不容易说出来或不言而喻无需说出来。如：
This book was published in 2008.这本书出版于2008年。
2. 人们对被动语态的主语（即主动语态的宾语）比对主动语态的主语更感兴趣。如：
This question can be discussed at the next meeting. 这个问题可以在下次会议上讨论。
【考点归纳五】使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1. 含有情态动词的被动语态。
含有情态动词的主动句变被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。如：
You ought to take it away.你应该把它拿走。
It ought to be taken away.它应该被拿走
2. 带动词不定式的被动语态。
当带有动词不定式的句子变被动语态时，无论主动句中是否省略to，变成被动句时不定式都要带to。如：
I heard her say it.我听见她说的。
She was heard to say it.有人听见她说的。
3. “真”“假”被动语态。
“be+及物动词的过去分词”有两种情况，一是被动语态，即过去分词是被动语态的一个组成部分，这种结构称为“真”被动语态。二是“系—表”结构，这种结构中的过去分词起形容词作用，在句中充当表语，所以这种结构叫做“假”被动语态。它们的区别是：“真”被动语态有相对应的主动语态。而“假”被动语态则没有。“假”被动语态中的过去分词具有形容词的功能，因此能被very等副词来修饰。如：
This bottle was broken by her.这个瓶子被她打碎了。（被动语态）
This bottle was broken.这个瓶子是破的。（系—表结构）
I am very tired.我很累。（系—表结构）
【考点练习】 单项选择。
1. —How clean the window is！
—Yes. It_____just now（2008江苏盐城市）
A. has been cleaned
B. was cleaned
C. is cleaned
D. will be cleaned
2. More and more people haverealized we won’t have cleaner wate to drink unless something_____ soon.（2008山东青岛市）
A. was done B. will be done
C. to be done D. is done
3. Fews tudents can understand the sentence until it_____ twice or three times.（2008江苏南通市）
A. explains
B. is explained
C. will be explained
D. has explained
4. Sometimes the best and most beautiful things in this world_____，but can be felt with the heart.（2008云南省）
A. can see B. cannot see
C. can be seen D. cannot be seen
5. Last year， Li Hua， a college student，_____to work for the Olympic Games.（2008河北省）
A. is choosing B. is chosen
C. was choosing D. was chosen
6. The sick boy_____ to hospital by the police yesterday.（2009北京市）
A. is taken B. was taken
C. takes D. took
7. The school dance is_____ by the students.（2009天津市）
A. written B. planned
C. writing D. planning
8. Many houses_____ in the big fire a few days ago. What a shame.（2009上海市）
A. were damaged B. damage
C. were damaging D. damaged
9. Waste paper shouldn’t_____ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our city clean.（2009重庆市）
A. be thrown B. throw
C. is thrown D. are thrown
10. —Did you go to Jim’s birthday party？
—No， I_____ .（2009浙江宁波市）
A. haven’t invited
B. didn’t invite
C. am not invited
D. wasn’t invited
11. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean today’s work_____ today.（2009河北省）
A. may do B. must do
C. may be done D. must be done
12. I_____ to get there before seven tomorrow， so I’ll have to get up early.（2009江西省）
A. told B. have told
C. will tell D. was told
13. Usually John_____ to school in his father’s beautiful car.（2009河南省）
A. has taken B. is taking
C. is taken D. has been taken
14. I won’t go to her party unless my best friend Jack_____ .（2009安徽芜湖市）
A. will invite B.will be invite
C. is invited D. invites
15. The 30 Olympic Games_____ in London in 2012.（2009乌鲁木齐市）
A. holds B. is held
C. will be held D. will hold
16. The students_____ how to do the experiment in class yesterday.（2010甘肃定西）
A. were taught B. taught
C. was taught D. teach
17. The shop_____at 8：00 a.m. and it_____ for ten hours every day.（2010山东滨州市）
A. opens； is open
B. is opened； opens
C. is open； has opened
D. opened； opens
18. Thousands of houses_____ by the floods in Guangxi last month.（2010广西桂林市）
A. destroy B. destroyed
C. have destroyed D. were destroyed
19. We will fly a kite as soon as your homework_____ .（2010江苏宿迁市）
A. finishes B. will be finished
C. has finished D. is finished
20. —Look， what have they done？
—Sorry.I think if I_____ another chance， I’ll do it better. （2011湖北十堰）
A. give B. will be given
C. will give D. am given
Keys： 1-5 B D B D D 6-10 B B A A D 11-15 D D C C C 16-20 A A D D D